The Real Story of Manipur | Who is Responsible? | Dhruv Rathee
The Real Story of Manipur | Who is Responsible? | Dhruv Rathee
Dive into the pressing issues unfolding in Manipur – a crisis that has largely gone unnoticed by politicians and the media. In a distressing incident, two women endured a deeply disturbing and humiliating public assault that captured the nation’s attention, shedding light on the challenges faced by the region. As we analyze the underlying causes, the shortcomings of authorities, and the inadequte response from PM Modi after a prolonged period, we aim to uncover whether this unrest is part of a larger puzzle. Join us to gain insight into Manipur’s untold story and its struggles in this video by Dhruv Rathee.
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Content
0 -> Hello, friends!
0.982 -> For the last 3 months,
2.286 -> we have been witnessing a lot of ethnic violence in Manipur.
4.895 -> For a long time, our government, politicians,
7.428 -> and the biased media were silent on this issue.
9.318 -> They tried to ignore this issue.
11.698 -> But when the matter went completely out of control,
13.887 -> it became impossible to keep this news suppressed.
16.577 -> When the Supreme Court issued a statement on this issue,
18.928 -> they had to break the silence.
21.043 -> Our Prime Minister Modi kept silent on this issue for 77 days.
26.211 -> Those 77 days, in which according to official estimates,
29.743 -> 50,000 to 60,000 people were displaced in Manipur.
33.456 -> They became refugees in their own country.
35.248 -> Between 140 to 200 people were killed.
39.52 -> More than 5,000 incidents of arson were reported.
42.316 -> These figures were provided by the Manipur government to the Supreme Court
45.23 -> on 10th July.
46.449 -> Then a heart-wrenching video became viral,
48.83 -> in which a brutal crime was being committed against women,
51.424 -> only after that did PM Modi
54.473 -> give a statement on Manipur.
56.732 -> "Whether it is the incident from Rajasthan,
58.301 -> or from Chhattisgarh or Manipur."
61.762 -> Even now when people in the government talk about Manipur,
64.462 -> they do it as a 'what-aboutism'.
66.771 -> They say, why are you talking about Manipur?
68.735 -> Instead, they want you to talk about the crimes against women in West Bengal and Rajasthan.
72.936 -> What are these politicians trying to hide in Manipur?
77.069 -> What is the reason for the ethnic violence in Manipur
80.089 -> and why the police are not able to control it?
83.081 -> What is the larger agenda behind the violence in Manipur?
86.294 -> This story is so deep and so shocking
89.197 -> that I had to split it into two videos.
91.34 -> This video is Part 1 of this series.
94.093 -> Come, let's start.
95.338 -> "This is a BJP which does not even look for the accused
99.331 -> when women are paraded naked.
100.798 -> 77 days later.."
102.756 -> "What can I say about this?
104.453 -> The situation is very bad right now."
107.264 -> "Should we assume that they have started
109.914 -> considering themselves supreme against every question and every criticism?
113.083 -> They will talk from the heart
114.683 -> but not about Manipur."
116.719 -> "Crocodile tears: pretending to be sad."
120.478 -> The violence in Manipur
121.797 -> is mainly happening between two ethnic communities.
123.945 -> The community of Meitei people
125.812 -> and the community of Kuki people.
127.289 -> A source who maintains law and order in Manipur
130.164 -> told India Today Media House that
132.026 -> around 2,000 houses of Meitei people were set on fire or vandalized
136.291 -> and 1,425 houses of Kuki people were set on fire or vandalized.
141.39 -> Apart from this, 17 temples and 221 churches
145.043 -> were either set on fire or vandalized at different locations.
148.191 -> This report was published on 2nd June, 2023.
151.017 -> To understand the violence in Manipur,
152.819 -> we have to understand the differences between these two communities.
156.162 -> It is not only political and ethnic,
159.807 -> but also geographical and economical.
162.182 -> If we talk about the geography,
164.282 -> if you look at the map of Manipur,
166.053 -> then this map can be easily divided into two parts.
169.329 -> First is the Imphal Valley
171.016 -> and second is the hills nearby.
173.09 -> The districts in the valley
174.912 -> form around 11% of Manipur's area
177.508 -> and the districts in the hills
179.634 -> form 89% of Manipur's area.
182.851 -> Politically speaking, Manipur's legislative assembly
185.688 -> has 60 seats.
186.758 -> But the 89% area in the hills,
189.816 -> has only 20 seats in the Manipur assembly
192.654 -> and the 11% area in the valley
194.956 -> has 40 seats in the assembly.
196.999 -> And the reason behind this is the population.
198.872 -> The valley areas are more populated.
201.766 -> According to the census of 2011,
203.997 -> 57% of Manipur's population resides in the valley areas
207.469 -> and 43% in the hilly areas.
210.78 -> But still, the ratio of the population
213.179 -> and the distribution of seats
214.764 -> is vastly different.
216.6 -> The population ratio is 57:43,
218.668 -> 1.33 times that of the other.
220.461 -> But the ratio of Assembly seats is 40:20,
221.917 -> almost double.
223.021 -> Many people criticize the disproportionate distribution of seats.
227.948 -> Apart from this, there is an economic gap
230.971 -> between the hill and valley areas.
233.157 -> The districts in the hills are poorer
235.906 -> and the districts in the valley are comparatively richer.
238.728 -> This issue has been a topic of discussion for decades.
242.002 -> From 2002 to 2017,
244.515 -> Congress government was ruling Manipur.
246.654 -> Look at this article from 2017,
248.96 -> where Congress is accused of
250.792 -> excluding the hilly areas from the development agenda.
255.53 -> Then in 2017, BJP came into power in Manipur
258.757 -> with this promise.
260.039 -> The economic gap between the hills and valley
263.017 -> they aimed to reduce it.
264.003 -> BJP's new CM N. Biren Singh
266.647 -> launched a campaign 'Go to Hills and Go to Villages'.
269.545 -> The aim was to
271.27 -> bring development to the hills.
273.684 -> But despite forming the government for 5 years,
276.105 -> there wasn't much difference.
277.602 -> And when elections are held again in Manipur in 2022
280.566 -> The economic disparity between the hill and valley
283.913 -> remained a major issue.
286.052 -> In terms of religion and ethnicity
288.479 -> we can see another gap here.
290.157 -> In the valley districts, where the Meitei people live,
292.68 -> they are mostly Hindus.
294.195 -> 'Mostly', because there are many Meitei people
296.715 -> who follow other religions as well.
298.507 -> Like 16% of them follow their traditional religion, Sanamahism.
303.389 -> According to this religion,
304.53 -> they worship nature.
305.96 -> And they believe in their god, Lainingthou Sanamahi.
308.987 -> There are some Meitei Hindus as well
311.15 -> who practice some elements of Sanamahism.
313.806 -> And apart from this, 8% of the Maiteis are Muslims.
317.288 -> They are called Maitei Pangals.
319.459 -> And some percentage of the Maitei community
321.742 -> follows Christianity.
323.501 -> On the other hand, in the hills,
325.079 -> reside the Kuki, Zomi, and Naga tribal communities.
328.051 -> These people are mostly Christians.
330.066 -> I say 'mostly' because once again,
332.019 -> some percentage of these people believe in other religions.
335.415 -> Judaism, Islam, Animism.
337.724 -> Animism is their traditional religion
339.657 -> where they worship nature, spirits, and ancestors.
342.687 -> The tribal people living in the mountains
344.431 -> are divided into different sub-tribes
346.358 -> so their cultures, traditions, and practices
348.933 -> vary a bit amongst each other.
350.749 -> So, simply speaking,
352.081 -> the conflict between Maitei and Kukis
354.893 -> is not a conflict between Hindus and Christians.
357.737 -> But because Maiteis are mostly Hindus
360.311 -> and Kukis are mostly Christians,
361.886 -> this became another point of difference here.
364.036 -> And a communal angle has been created in this conflict.
367.369 -> And this is why
369.124 -> temples and churches were set on fire and vandalized.
372.631 -> And due to the communal class in this ethnic conflict
375.906 -> there is a community of people
378.22 -> who are suffering terribly.
380.299 -> I am talking about the 300,000 people
382.228 -> who are Meitei Christians.
383.86 -> They are fleeing to protect themselves
386.019 -> not only from the Kuki tribal people,
387.774 -> but also from Meitei Hindus.
389.447 -> In Churachandpur,
390.431 -> Meitei Christian houses were set on fire by Kuki mobs.
393.543 -> And in the Wangjing area of the valley,
396.284 -> a Meitei mob set fire to an institution
399.557 -> which was run by Meitei Christians for underprivileged children.
402.496 -> But a big question arises here.
404.421 -> Even if we accept that there are differences between these two communities,
407.934 -> but just because of these differences,
409.902 -> the two communities will not fight.
411.901 -> So what was the reason for the fight between them?
414.062 -> Some people say that we need to look at their history.
416.273 -> That we have seen many conflicts in history
419.509 -> between the Meitei and the Kuki people.
421.327 -> That's true,
422.24 -> so let's look at history first so that
424.078 -> we can understand it better.
425.408 -> Historically, Meitei kings ruled over Manipur.
428.832 -> But the thing to note is that
430.304 -> does 'Manipur' mean the whole of Manipur
432.816 -> or just the valley area
434.364 -> or the hilly area?
435.54 -> This question led to many clashes in Manipur's history
439.078 -> when the kings in the valley
441.308 -> tried to extend their authority
443.789 -> over the entire Manipur region.
445.773 -> And the Naga tribal people living in the hills
448.123 -> always saw themselves as free individuals.
450.427 -> Anthropologist James C. Scott wrote a book
453.903 -> The Art of Not Being Governed:
455.991 -> An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia.
459.255 -> In this book, James explains that
461.238 -> whenever a state was formed in a valley
464.945 -> whether the state was an empire or a government
467.836 -> there was always a 'non-state' in the hills.
470.862 -> The difference or rather the distinction,
between a state and a non-state,
474.667 -> was called Surplus.
476.699 -> Extra.
477.735 -> There were rivers in the valley
478.81 -> which meant permanent settlement.
480.799 -> People used to farm and trade.
483.714 -> But life in the hills was quite different.
485.868 -> There was minimalism in the mountains.
488.079 -> Even today, we see many people living in the jungles
491.307 -> who live a semi-nomadic life.
493.197 -> They practice shifting cultivation.
494.99 -> You must have read about it in school.
496.8 -> Shifting cultivation is when an area of the forest is cleared
500.499 -> to grow some crops
502.063 -> and when the fertility of the soil decreases
504.109 -> the farmers shift
505.85 -> and look for another land for cultivation.
508.287 -> This brings back the soil fertility naturally.
512.505 -> This is so common all over the world that
514.258 -> it has been given many names.
515.937 -> It is called Milpa in Mexico and Central America.
518.12 -> Masole in Central Africa.
519.77 -> Roca in Brazil.
521.147 -> Ray in Vietnam.
522.368 -> Bewar or Dhaiya in Madhya Pradesh.
525.183 -> Kumari in Western Ghats.
526.775 -> Khil in the Himalayan belt.
528.135 -> And in North East India, it is called Jhum cultivation.
531.144 -> And the people who lived such a life in the hills,
533.794 -> did not have any surplus.
535.246 -> They had enough food to sustain themselves.
538.882 -> Sometimes, not even that
540.206 -> if it did not rain properly.
541.653 -> So, with this lack of food,
542.811 -> where could they go?
544.047 -> They went towards the valley.
546.002 -> But people were already living in the valley.
547.871 -> The people in the valley had their permanent farms
550.829 -> and their permanent homes.
552.647 -> So, what used to happen was that, the people from the hills
554.924 -> historically, used to raid the people of the valley
557.627 -> for their survival.
558.993 -> Here, I'm reminded of a famous quote by Joseph Proudhon
561.391 -> "Property is theft."
562.645 -> Or the Indian wisdom,
564.829 -> "All the land belongs to God."
566.463 -> "Powerful people got their names registered,
569.854 -> but the weak people of the society,
572.412 -> none of them got any land.
574.345 -> That is the weaker section of the society.
576.786 -> They people living in poverty.
579.299 -> The ones who have to face discriminations.
582.332 -> Call them by whatever names,
SC/ST, Dalit, Valmiki, Adivasi, Vanvasi,
585.592 -> they couldn't get their names registered."
587.182 -> But in the world, throughout the history it has been seen that
589.76 -> governance is not done through rational, intellectual or spiritual discourse.
594.164 -> Rather it is done through greed and power struggle.
596.792 -> The kings and emperors in the valley
598.788 -> used to enter into deals with the people living in the hills,
602.243 -> a kind of social contract,
603.946 -> where they agreed not to fight,
605.499 -> and they acknowledged the food scarcities faced by them,
609.683 -> and agreed to give them some food,
611.478 -> and in return, they wanted to exist peacefully with each other.
614.452 -> In North East India, this is called the Posa system.
616.952 -> So, throughout different times in history,
619.056 -> there was peace between these communities too.
621.699 -> We have historical records which tell us that
624.069 -> the Naga tribals used to serve in the Ahom army
627.113 -> especially under Lachit Barphukan,
629.243 -> the great Ahom general
630.688 -> who defeated the Mughal army.
632.478 -> This situation was more or less maintained till the early 1800s
635.771 -> after which came the Burmese and the British.
638.501 -> There is a story of three brothers
640.553 -> who were Meitei royals from the Ningthouja Dynasty.
642.875 -> These three brothers were Marjit Singh,
644.808 -> Choruajit Singh, and Gambhir Singh.
646.827 -> These three brothers were fighting among themselves for the throne.
649.543 -> This was a typical Game of Thrones story.
651.732 -> All three Meitei brothers fighting over a throne.
654.511 -> One brother took the help of a king from the surrounding areas.
657.028 -> The second brother took the help of the Burmese.
659.144 -> Later, becoming a puppet in the hands of the Burmese.
661.732 -> And was then thrown out of power by the same people.
664.56 -> The same methods employed by the East India Company
667.763 -> as I had explained in this video on how
669.483 -> the British took over the control of India.
671.816 -> And the other brother also took help from the Burmese and the British.
675.355 -> Several alliances were formed and broken
677.524 -> in the typical Game of Thrones fashion.
678.825 -> It is also relevant to know that between 1819 and 1826,
683.147 -> Manipur was under Burmese occupation.
686.045 -> Meitei royal Gambhir Singh
688.522 -> raised an army with the help of British in 1824.
691.992 -> The Manipur Levy.
693.815 -> And between these two forces,
695.639 -> the first Anglo-Burmese war took place.
698.002 -> In this war, Manipur Levy recaptured the Manipur Valley.
701.128 -> The Burmese were pushed back
703.578 -> and Prince Gambhir Singh became King Gambhir Singh.
706.217 -> Later, a peace treaty was signed
708.302 -> between the Burmese and the British.
710.068 -> Between these games of thrones,
711.894 -> the Naga tribal people living in the hills,
714.203 -> were still there.
715.073 -> So what happend to them?
716.172 -> It is said that a British political agent in Manipur
718.855 -> brought Kuki-Zomi people from the Kuki-Chin region in Burma,
723.726 -> to protect the valley from the Naga people.
726.382 -> As I told you earlier,
727.855 -> there were many tribes living in the hills.
729.797 -> Kuki-Zomi was one such tribe,
731.637 -> another was the Naga tribe.
733.096 -> And you might think that some people are being brought from another country
737.451 -> to this country to fight on behalf of the British.
739.334 -> But if you look at the map without the present-day boundaries between countries,
743.593 -> you will see that this was not a big deal.
745.582 -> Look at the map,
746.515 -> Manipur is here.
747.404 -> Mizoram is right beside it.
748.845 -> And right next to it
750.286 -> is the Chin area of Burma,
751.863 -> present-day Myanmar.
752.872 -> And right next to it
754.223 -> is the Chittagong Hill Tract in present-day Bangladesh.
756.943 -> All these areas are hills covered with jungles,
759.826 -> and the tribal Kuki people lived in these hills.
762.424 -> Because these tribal people were semi-nomadic,
764.745 -> they had no boundaries,
766.315 -> no kingdoms.
767.283 -> This is why the Mizos in Mizoram,
769.526 -> Kukis in Manipur,
770.606 -> Kuki Chins from Chittagong
772.475 -> and Chins in Myanmar,
773.828 -> all share ethnic ties with each other
777.074 -> and are collectively called Zo people.
780.209 -> It is important to know this because
781.918 -> even today we see demonstrations in Mizoram
784.962 -> in favour of Kuki people.
786.518 -> In 2021, the Chief Minister of Mizoram
789.217 -> said that the Central Government's stand on Myanmar's refugees
793.601 -> is not acceptable.
795.214 -> The unregulated infiltration into the country,
797.555 -> obviously, should not happen.
799.378 -> But the emotional ethnic connection
802.015 -> between all these tribal people
803.768 -> should not be ignored.
805.055 -> The Indian government is putting up a barbed wire fence
808.179 -> at the 390 km long India-Myanmar border.
810.866 -> Which is a good thing.
811.937 -> But the refugees coming to India from these hills in Myanmar,
815.191 -> fleeing the violence in Myanmar
817.73 -> there should be some constructive steps by the Indian government to help them.
821.442 -> To empathize with this emotional connection,
823.985 -> won't be difficult for the Meitei people
826.014 -> because there are people from Meitei community even in Myanmar.
829.314 -> These are the people who were brought to Myanmar from Manipur during the war
832.678 -> as forced laborers.
834.49 -> There is an organization here,
836.417 -> Indo-Myanmar Fraternal Alliance.
837.964 -> According to them, the population of the Meiteis living in Myanmar
841.126 -> is around 25,000.
842.752 -> This organization and the Upper Myanmar Hindu Council organization
847.087 -> are trying to establish people-to-people contact
850.853 -> between Meiteis living in Manipur
852.863 -> and Meiteis living in Myanmar.
854.546 -> BJP MP Tapir Gao had said that
857.139 -> he hopes that PM Modi's Act East Policy
860.242 -> will increase the social connection between the two countries.
863.529 -> This connection is so deep that even now,
865.946 -> when there's such violence in Manipur,
867.482 -> around 300 Meiteis have taken shelter in Myanmar.
870.683 -> But let's get back to the current story,
871.902 -> Meitei people complain that
873.565 -> Kuki Chin people are allegedly infiltrating from Myanmar to Manipur.
877.92 -> If we get back to the history,
879.509 -> as I told you, around 200 years ago,
882.122 -> Kuki people were brought from the hills in Myanmar to the hills in Manipur.
886.281 -> You can call it a small-distance migration.
888.53 -> But the question is, why were they brought?
890.377 -> It's because like the Naga tribal people,
892.936 -> the Kuki tribal people are also good warriors.
895.59 -> A Meitei king gave them land on the ridges of the hills,
898.154 -> the area where the hills and valleys converge into each other,
900.858 -> so that those areas could work as a buffer for the Imphal valley.
904.647 -> Moving forward, you can see another Meitei king,
907.137 -> King Bhodhchandra,
908.693 -> standing with four Kuki bodyguards in this photo.
910.7 -> And this is from the 1900s.
912.879 -> Some kings had called the Kukis to protect the Meiteis.
916.83 -> Quite ironic looking at the conflict today.
919.805 -> During the First World War, the British demanded
922.405 -> that the King of Manipur provide 2,000 men for the labour corps.
926.742 -> These are the people who make roads for the British or carry their goods.
930.309 -> The King of Manipur wanted to send the Kukis with the British.
933.984 -> But the Kukis refused to fight.
937.156 -> Instead, they declared a war against the British.
940.67 -> This happened in 1917
942.1 -> and is called the Great Kuki Rebellion
944.539 -> or the Anglo-Kuki War.
946.616 -> It took the British two years to suppress this war.
949.52 -> But even before this, in the 1800s,
951.716 -> the Kukis declared wars against the British multiple times.
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983.477 -> Now, let's get back to the topic.
984.945 -> In the late 1800s, the population of the Meitei in the valleys
988.47 -> was governed by the British rule.
990.089 -> But the Kukis in the hills were not governed by them.
993.478 -> One reason behind this was that
995.031 -> the British could not establish their dominance in the hilly areas.
998.749 -> But the second reason was that
1000.312 -> the attitude of the British people towards the tribal people
1004.224 -> was that the tribals were very savage.
1007.633 -> Since they considered themselves to be civilized,
1009.082 -> they did not want to make them a part of their country.
1011.946 -> Some areas were marked as Ungovernable by the British.
1015.498 -> And due to this, they demarcated an inner line in Assam.
1019.088 -> This line separates the jungles of the tribal people in the hills
1022.228 -> from the farmlands under British control.
1025.888 -> The tribals in the hills lived in 'Unadministrated' areas.
1029.859 -> These 'Unadministrated' areas were given many names by the British.
1033.781 -> Such as Backward Tracts,
1035.29 -> Excluded Areas, or Partially Excluded Areas.
1038.146 -> In 1891, the British implemented a similar system in Manipur.
1042.29 -> An inner line was to be marked to keep the Kukis on the other side.
1046.057 -> Historian Ramchandra Guha
1048.069 -> in his essay, Savaging the Civilized, tells us how
1050.7 -> the British never thought of bringing these hill regions into Indian legislature.
1055.742 -> Because they felt that it would not be fit for democracy.
1058.73 -> Indian sociologist Andre Beteille says that
1061.131 -> the word 'Tribal' has two extreme meanings.
1063.953 -> On one hand, you must have noticed how
1066.03 -> people consider tribal people to be wild.
1069.049 -> That they are very primitive, simple-minded,
1071.564 -> and against development.
1072.808 -> And in many films,
1074.152 -> this stereotype is also highlighted.
1076.782 -> Showing spears-waving tribals going about singing and dancing.
1081.434 -> And on the other hand, people have a perception that these Tribal people
1084.481 -> are full of ecological wisdom as
1087.39 -> they always live in harmony with nature
1090.232 -> They must be very spiritual.
1091.574 -> They always care for other people.
1093.48 -> And that tribal music, painting, dance, and indigenous people are amusing.
1097.902 -> And we see this stereotype in films like Avatar
1101.947 -> or films like Kantara.
1103.514 -> In 2006, the Indian government
1106.027 -> made the draft National Tribal Policy
1108.072 -> which increased this positive perception.
1110.003 -> According to this policy, we needed to protect these tribal people.
1114.378 -> We needed to preserve their culture
1116.115 -> and introduce them in the mainstream
1117.689 -> without destroying their character.
1119.613 -> According to this policy, a measure adopted by the government was that
1123.113 -> the Inner Line Permit.
1125.32 -> We see this Inner Line Permit
1127.189 -> in states like Nagaland, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh.
1130.783 -> According to this, the indigenous people living in the jungle
1134.01 -> will be kept protected
1135.81 -> and their local tribal culture
1137.944 -> will be maintained.
1139.319 -> But when it came to Manipur,
1141.184 -> it wasn't that simple.
1142.543 -> Many Meitei people protested against the implementation of this Inner Line Permit.
1147.408 -> 7-8 years ago.
1149.059 -> Meitei people believed that
1150.766 -> many migrants were coming to their local markets and shops from other states
1154.507 -> and their local culture was in danger.
1156.401 -> Back then , the Congress government
1158.152 -> tried to pass 3 laws.
1159.784 -> The Protection of Manipur People's Bill 2015
1162.182 -> and two other bills related to land and shops.
1165.808 -> With the help of these 3 bills,
1167.63 -> effectively, Manipur could have got an Inner Line Permit too.
1171.743 -> But the tribal people living in the hills,
1173.943 -> the Kuki people thought that
1175.858 -> the bill discriminates against them.
1178.66 -> In May 2016, President Pranab Mukherjee
1181.25 -> rejected this Protection of Manipur Peoples Bill.
1184.181 -> He said that the way this bill was trying to define Manipuris was wrong.
1189.883 -> The Congress government drafted a new version
1192.538 -> and sent it to the Constitutional experts.
1194.61 -> There were many rounds of discussions
1196.578 -> between the Manipur government, Kukis and Nagas.
1198.74 -> And because of this, the Manipur Peoples Protection Bill
1201.646 -> was passed in 2018 in Manipur Assembly.
1204.333 -> In July 2018 and at this time,
1206.521 -> the new BJP government had already come into power.
1209.432 -> This Inner Line Permit system came into effect in Manipur from 1st January 2020.
1214.468 -> This meant that non-Manipuris living in other Indian states
1218.18 -> would need a permit to go to Manipur.
1221.267 -> And there are 4 different types of permits.
1222.834 -> Temporary, Regular, Special and Labour Permit.
1225.467 -> Seeing this, people living in other states said that
1229.2 -> this wasn't fair.
1231.037 -> They expressed their anger
1232.332 -> and one organisation challenged this in the Supreme Court.
1235.551 -> Around this time, in December 2019,
1237.421 -> Home Minister Amit Shah said in Lok Sabha that
1239.822 -> Manipur will be kept out of the purview of the Citizenship Amendment Bill.
1243.937 -> "Keeping the sentiment of the states in mind,
1246.768 -> we are bringing Manipur under the system of Inner Line Permit."
1252.104 -> This is the infamous CAAct,
1254.271 -> Citizenship Amendment Act.
1255.955 -> According to which non-Muslim minorities living in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh
1260.483 -> i.e. Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists, Parsis, Christians
1263.085 -> who have come to India
1264.695 -> before 31st December 2014
1266.562 -> will be granted Indian Citizenship on Fast Track basis.
1269.885 -> But the people of Manipur did not want this
1272.2 -> So the Home Minister decided that
1274.086 -> the CAAct should not be implemented in Manipur.
1276.73 -> The people of Manipur
1277.996 -> and in fact the people of the entire North East believed that
1281.462 -> the Hindu-Muslim issue should be put aside
1284.262 -> but the immigrants coming from other countries to live in our states,
1288.865 -> were indesirable.
1290.327 -> You might ask how is this possible?
1292.276 -> In the same country,
1293.606 -> a state is making its own laws
1296.103 -> and the people from the rest of the country would need a permit to visit the state.
1299.639 -> Does the Indian Constitution allow this?
1302.057 -> The answer to this, to some extent, is a yes, friends.
1303.716 -> The sixth schedule of the Indian Constitution,
1305.83 -> under Article 244(2) and Article 275(1),
1310.15 -> according to this, self-governance and dispute resolution are allowed
1313.78 -> under tribal areas with respect to customary laws.
1316.931 -> This is done by making autonomous administrative units in tribal areas,
1320.674 -> which are called Autonomous District Councils.
1323.021 -> In short, ADCs.
1324.734 -> And these ADCs have the right
1326.505 -> to make such laws.
1327.931 -> Like, outsiders not being allowed to buy tribal land.
1331.692 -> This Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution
1334.036 -> applies in certain tribal areas of
1335.566 -> Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
1339.613 -> Since 1974, the tribal communities in Manipur have been demanding that
1344.347 -> this Sixth Schedule be extended to the hilly regions of Manipur too.
1349.038 -> But this has not been done yet.
1351.568 -> But a somewhat similar thing has been done in Manipur.
1353.61 -> A Manipur District Council Act 1971 has been enacted
1358.131 -> which led to 6 ADCs being established in Manipur in February 1972.
1363.04 -> This was the same year when Manipur became a separate state.
1365.62 -> Apart from this, there is an Article 371C in our Indian Constitution,
1369.636 -> according to which the Indian President elects some MLAs from the hill areas of Manipur
1374.605 -> and establishes a Hill Areas Committee.
1377.052 -> Second, the Governor of Manipur
1379.044 -> presents a report to the Indian President every year
1381.253 -> on how the administration is working in the hill areas of Manipur.
1384.868 -> And according to this Article 371C,
1387.202 -> the non-tribal people cannot buy land in the hilly tribal areas of Manipur.
1391.93 -> This Article causes misconceptions among people because
1395.339 -> they think that only 11% of the land in the valley belongs to the Meiteis,
1399.165 -> and 89% of the land in the hills belongs to the Kukis and Nagas.
1402.663 -> Which is interpreted to mean that the Kukis and Nagas
1404.675 -> are the owners of 89% of the land.
1406.776 -> But that's not the case here.
1408.643 -> The Meitei landlords in the valley,
1410.729 -> who own the land and farm it,
1413.698 -> are definitely the landlords of that land
1416.487 -> but the Kukis and Nagas are not landlords.
1418.873 -> As I mentioned in the video earlier,
1420.737 -> tribal people often live a semi-nomadic life.
1423.442 -> But then two years ago, friends,
1425.204 -> the Hill Areas Committee recommended a draft ADC Amendment Bill 2021.
1430.566 -> According to this, the Hill Area Committee
1432.66 -> and the six ADCs
1433.847 -> will be given more autonomy and freedom.
1436.185 -> Congress' MLAs from this area gave an interview to The Wire,
1440.187 -> said that the constitutional safeguards have now become like cold storage in the country
1444.512 -> and the bill was a way for the people living in the hills to preserve their culture.
1449.502 -> "Now, when an act, which is there to empower a minority
1452.684 -> is totally cold-storaged,
1455.066 -> then those people who are minorities,
1456.703 -> for which special provisions of the law were enacted,
1459.66 -> then what happens to their lives?
1461.173 -> It goes from bad to worse."
1462.56 -> He believes that the existing HSE and ADCs
1466.167 -> are not working well.
1467.709 -> They need to be given more freedom by the government
1469.846 -> so that they can become more functional.
1471.287 -> He also said that this bill was not against the people living in the valley.
1475.41 -> Now once again some of you might be thinking:
1478.211 -> Why?
1479.257 -> When we are living in a country as its citizens,
1481.472 -> every Indian citizen should have the right to buy land anywhere in the country.
1485.038 -> Why should the tribal people be given this special right?
1487.664 -> Here I will ask you to think about colonialism.
1490.287 -> One is the traditional colonialism
1492.367 -> using military power and political control to occupy a place
1496.812 -> like the British did to India.
1498.298 -> Apart from this, there is a modern-day colonialism.
1501.256 -> Neocolonialism.
1502.813 -> It includes things like economic imperialism and cultural imperialism.
1507.294 -> For example, look at what China has done in African countries.
1510.846 -> It has not used its military to occupy those countries
1514.245 -> rather, by using money,
1516.237 -> it has pushed those countries into large debt.
1518.522 -> Second, think about what Australia has done to countries like Nauru.
1521.742 -> I told you Nauru's story in the video on World's Fattest Country.
1525.575 -> Using economic trade as an excuse,
1527.602 -> the nastiest, unhealthiest food
1530.137 -> has been forced on that country
1531.734 -> because of which, today,
1533.599 -> it has become the World's Fattest Country.
1535.41 -> These can be some good examples of neo-colonialism.
1538.258 -> Similarly, I would ask that
1539.61 -> imagine the concept of a country for 2 minutes.
1543.972 -> An industrial city where rich people live,
1546.329 -> and a jungle where poor, indigenous, tribal people live.
1549.88 -> If those rich people go to the jungle and say that
1552.14 -> they want to buy land in the jungle with their money,
1554.73 -> to build a farmhouse, a resort, or a coal mine,
1559.639 -> shouldn't this also be part of economic imperialism?
1562.422 -> For the tribal people, their jungle is their home.
1565.035 -> In our country, this is evident at various levels.
1568.502 -> Lakshadweep, Baxwaha in Madhya Pradesh,
1571.604 -> Bastar district in Chhattisgarh,
1573.047 -> Himachal Pradesh, and the hills of Manipur.
1575.978 -> The tribals Kuki and Naga living in the hills
1578.792 -> what are they demanding?
1579.791 -> They say that the official language of Manipur
1582.375 -> is Meiteilon,
1583.691 -> which is also called the Manipuri language.
1585.246 -> This is a scheduled language in the 8th Schedule.
1587.772 -> The Meitei people have their own valley.
1589.926 -> They have the Inner-Line Permit too
1592.413 -> so that non-Manipuri people can't occupy their land.
1595.709 -> The people in the valley also have double seats in the assembly.
1599.423 -> But what do the Kuki people have?
1601.341 -> That's why, for a long time,
1603.063 -> the Kuki people have been demanding a new state for themselves.
1606.759 -> Under the name Kukiland.
1608.288 -> This demand was raised since the late 1980s.
1611.407 -> In 1993, during the Naga-Kuki clashes
1615.049 -> in which around 1,000 Kukis were k!lled,
1617.327 -> according to the Kuki National Organization,
1620.082 -> since then, this demand has gained more fervour.
1622.506 -> This organization says that
1624.142 -> the Meitei people did not help the Kuki people back then.
1626.733 -> That's why they need a separate state.
1628.816 -> In 2012, an organization, the Kuki State Demand Committee,
1632.387 -> announced a movement in favour of Kukiland.
1634.966 -> They clearly stated that they are not demanding a separate country
1638.257 -> rather a separate state in India.
1641.513 -> And secondly, they say that if they don't get a separate state
1644.441 -> they want to be included in the Sixth Schedule at the very least.
1647.073 -> If there can be four north-eastern states in the Sixth Schedule,
1650.263 -> why not Manipur?
1651.231 -> Thirdly, they said that
1652.929 -> even if they cannot be included in the Sixth Schedule
1654.524 -> then at least the ADC Amendment Bill 2021 should be passed.
1657.83 -> So that the Hill Area Committee and the ADCs can get more autonomous power.
1662.523 -> But let alone fulfilling these demands,
1664.854 -> in August 2022,
1666.031 -> the BJP government in Manipur,
1668.367 -> introduced a new bill.
1669.879 -> That made people immensely angry.
1672.892 -> And after that, there were intentional efforts of creating strife between the two communities.
1676.386 -> Something that was shown in the film Kantara.
1679.789 -> Things which eventually led to brutal ethnic violence.
1685.76 -> What were these things?
1687.122 -> Let's talk about it in the second part of this video.
1689.529 -> If you liked the video, you can click here to watch the video
1692.361 -> on how the British took over India.
1694.105 -> What was the game of thrones played by the British to take over India?
1697.463 -> It is explained in great detail.
1698.888 -> Thank you very much!
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9OswjzEbWQ