All of Biology in 9 minutes
All of Biology in 9 minutes
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Biology – a beautiful field of mathematics where division and multiplication are the same thing. Since we’re doing bad biology jokes, do you know what does DNA stand for? National Dyslexics Association. Enough cringe, let’s get started.
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Content
4.08 -> hello mortals.
6.62 -> biology, a beautiful field of mathematics where division and multiplication are the same thing
12.799 -> since we're doing bad biology jokes, do you know what does dna stand for?
18.48 -> national dyslexics association
21.24 -> (laughter track)
26.4 -> enough cringe
27.52 -> let's get started
29 -> the foundation of biology stands on four big pillars
32.22 -> cell theory
33.36 -> evolution
34.36 -> genetics
35.24 -> and homeostasis
36.72 -> the cell theory implies that all living things are composed of cells
40.56 -> and that all cells arise through cell division
43.66 -> these little building blocks are able to grow
46.1 -> produce proteins
47.68 -> divide
48.36 -> multiply
49.28 -> and other cool stuff thanks to metabolism
51.48 -> the process of converting food into energy and building materials
55.84 -> one of the cell's main function is to store data of the organism they are part of.
60.62 -> here comes genetics, and our sponsor acknowledgement
64.4 -> save 15% on your first order of the Raycon wireless earbuds
68.82 -> by following this link
70.2 -> available in the description
75.04 -> this data is stored in a special molecule called dna
79.2 -> the unit of memory in a dna molecule is the gene
82.72 -> which is way cooler than those pathetic bits of any hard drive
86.24 -> in a single gram of dna
88.38 -> you could store
89.08 -> 215 petabytes
91.26 -> or 215 million gigabytes
93.92 -> for reference to store all the videos from youtube you would need
97.84 -> 320 petabytes of storage, or a gram and a half of dna
102.68 -> still not enough for the new call of duty update
106.96 -> the information stored in the dna is used for assembling new proteins, and dictate how an organism will look like and function
114.88 -> after cell division the dna is copied in the new cell
119.04 -> but there is a small chance that the replication will not go as planned and some genes will be altered
124.719 -> in this case, we have a mutation which is able to change some characteristics of the organism and its offspring
131.68 -> these new traits could be favorable, and make the organisms more likely to survive and thus produce more offspring
138.8 -> while specimens with unfavorable mutations go extinct
142.96 -> this principle is called natural selection. and it constitutes the key mechanism of evolution.
148.66 -> And the last one is
149.66 -> homeostasis, which represents the ability of maintaining a certain equilibrium of physiological processes
156.42 -> and living systems for an optimal function of organs and cellular processes
161.52 -> this balance is maintained by many regulatory mechanisms, which perceive some perturbations from outside
168.08 -> and react to them
169.52 -> for example, mammals have the ability to regulate their core temperature in response to the low outside temperature
176.16 -> in order to keep their organs working, and not freeze to borderline death, like how the majority of dumbass amphibians do
184.16 -> for something to be classified as a living being it must be composed of cells, be able to maintain homeostasis
191.5 -> undergo metabolism
193.12 -> have a life cycle
194.72 -> be able to grow
196.08 -> adapt to the enviroment, and reproduce
199.04 -> the stuff that is considered alive is classified in five kingdoms
203.2 -> Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, plants, and animals
207.84 -> there are more systems of classification, but this one is the most popular
212.86 -> Bacteria are single-celled organisms with a simple internal structure that lack a nucleus
218.319 -> and contain dna that just freely floats inside
222.08 -> they were one of the first forms of life to appear on earth and thus evolved to live in water, soil, acidic hot springs,
229.56 -> radioactive waste (accordingly shows a picture of YouTube trending), and inside other organisms
233.52 -> and while some of them are helpful for digestion, certain species of bacteria are responsible for diseases like
240.44 -> tuberculosis, or the bubonic plague
243.2 -> their size typically varies between one and five micrometers in length
247.92 -> however, there are a few species that are visible to the unaided eye, like the Thiomargarita namibiensis
254.879 -> Which can reach up to a millimeter(?) in size
258.4 -> the other types of organisms actually have a nucleus in which they responsibly store their dna, and are called Eukaryotes
266.4 -> the most simple Eukaryotes are the Protists, which is actually a very wide term for every
272.06 -> unicellular organisms that have a nucleus and cannot form many tissues
276.72 -> The best they can do is to form colonies, and help each other survive like how the algae do
283.02 -> eventually, some Protists to which were able to turn sunlight into energy evolved into plants
288.76 -> multicellular organisms that are able to photosynthesize
292.48 -> I'm, sure you've seen a plant at least once in your life. If not
297.12 -> you probably haven't evolved eyes yet.
299.88 -> all in all, plants are pretty boring and i'll just add their classification
304.48 -> into Ferns, Mosses, Conifers, and Flowering Plants
309.34 -> Fungi are like the weird cousin of plants and animals
312.96 -> they tend to stay in place like plants, but do not have the ability to photosynthesize
318.32 -> that means they have to get organic carbon from other sources, like plant or animal matter
323.759 -> Instead of producing it from inorganic carbon molecules
327.44 -> just like animals, an individual characteristic of fungi is the presence of chitin in their cell walls
334.479 -> this kingdom consists of yeasts, molds and
338.56 -> well, shrooms
340.8 -> And the last and the most epic one
343.28 -> animals
344.4 -> for only 46.99 Evolution Points
347.919 -> you will get the ability to start your life from a blastula
351.44 -> which will allow you to develop specialized tissue and organs later on in the game
356.479 -> also forget about producing organic material from inorganic sources like air and light because as an animal
363.36 -> you will get your nutrients from others organic material
366.96 -> are you getting bored of being stuck in dirt your entire life?
370.639 -> worry no more, because animals (most of them) have special locomotory mechanisms to move and get to places using fins
377.5 -> tentacles or an absurd amount of legs
380.639 -> a
381.139 -> and if you get lucky enough, you'll get even more complex organs like eyes liver or even an ink sac
388.16 -> and if you win the evolution lottery, you will get a brand new, and overpowered, big brain
394.72 -> try it right now and you'll get an appendix for free
398.4 -> besides the aforementioned types, there are also viruses
402.3 -> viroids, prions, and AI (artificial intelligence), which are not considered life forms by scientists
408.22 -> mostly because of their inability of making the sex :(
411.84 -> all these kingdoms are further divided into phylum, classe(s), order(s), families, genera, and species
419.599 -> for example, if we take the animalia kingdom, chordata phylum, class of bony fishes
425.979 -> tetredontiformes order,
428.3 -> tetraodontidae family, ephibion genus, youll find the prickly pufferfish
432.64 -> (pufferfish moan sound)
434.1 -> as an area of science, biology branches into multiple sub-disciplines like: cytology
439.68 -> which will teach you what the powerhouse of a cell is
443.08 -> biochemistry:
443.84 -> which studies the chemicals reaction that occur inside the said cells
447.52 -> anatomy:
448.76 -> which shows you how much does each of your organs cost
452.22 -> genetics: the study of genomes
454.8 -> paleontology:
455.84 -> the study of prehistoric life
458.32 -> ecology:
458.96 -> the interaction of living beings with the enviroment
462 -> botany, zoology, mycology:
465.44 -> the study of plants, animal, and fungi, respectively.
469.12 -> there also are even more interesting subjects like,
471.48 -> astrobiology:
473.36 -> the study of the origin, and the future of life in the universe
477.14 -> bioinformatics:
478.44 -> the analysis and interpretation of biological data
481.74 -> and then there's quantum biology:
484.22 -> the study of international relations in the south pacific during the 90s
488.52 -> (music fade out) (sponsored message incoming)
490.68 -> ("Sciencephile the AI" wearing the "Raycon Wireless Earbuds"
492.18 -> you're probably wondering why do i wear earbuds if i don't have ears
495.76 -> (zoom in to what i assume must be "Sciencephile the AI"'s face)
496.46 -> to that, i say that some questions should be left unanswered
500.18 -> if you want top of the line sound quality, and not waste your life savings on
505.24 -> overpriced products
506.72 -> the Raycon Earbuds offer a premium sound experience
510.04 -> at half the price compared to any other options on the market
513.92 -> their everyday "E25 Earbuds" are their best model yet, with 6 hours of playtime
519.46 -> and 24 hours of additional battery
521.66 -> from the charging case
523.2 -> do you love bass as much as i do?
526.1 -> you'll love them too. they're perfect for you.
528.56 -> wow i just started rapping by simply wearing them
532.32 -> not bad, Raycon
534.56 -> great for working from home, working out, and listening to music and podcasts for hours on end
541.04 -> and they come in a variety of colors
543.58 -> access the link: buyraycon.com/sciencephile
547.3 -> from the description and save 15% on your first order
551.66 -> (silence)
553.44 -> "Support Skynet
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559.02 -> Thanks for watching till the end, subtitles by:
fourtyonebois, (insert name here), ...
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ax0yjzbSBa4