Why Manipur is Burning ? | Nitish Rajput | Hindi

Aug 10, 2023

Why Manipur is Burning ? | Nitish Rajput | Hindi

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In the remote northeastern state of Manipur, India, a tragic incident shook the region to its core, leaving a lasting impact on its people and their sense of security. “Unraveling Unrest: The Manipur Incident - A Tale of Tragedy and Resilience” recounts the harrowing events that unfolded when a series of violent clashes erupted between ethnic groups over long-standing grievances. The incident not only led to loss of lives and property but also exposed the underlying socio-political tensions that had simmered for decades. Amidst the despair, the narrative also highlights the indomitable spirit of the Manipuri community, as they united to rebuild shattered lives, fostered dialogues for reconciliation, and sought a path towards lasting peace.

This gripping account delves deep into the complexities of the Manipur Incident, shedding light on the historical context, the sociocultural fabric, and the efforts made by individuals and organizations to heal wounds and mend fractured relationships. It weaves together narratives of pain, resilience, and hope, leaving readers with a profound understanding of the importance of unity and dialogue in fostering a brighter future for Manipur and its people.
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Reference:

Instruments of Accestion: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi…

Manipur State Constitution act:
https://kapilarambam.blogspot.com/201…

Merger Aggrement:
https://kapilarambam.blogspot.com/201…

http://www.e-pao.net/manipur/images/H…

Manipur State hill (administration) regulation 1947:
https://manipur.gov.in/wp-content/upl…

Lokur Committee Report: https://ruralindiaonline.org/en/libra…

Manipur land revenue \u0026 land reforms act,1960: https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstrea…

Complete Reference: https://docs.google.com/document/d/16…
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About the Channel:
Nitish Rajput firmly believes that there are adequate tools available online, and people can be brought together, informed, and educated collectively.
Social media and the Internet have the power to create any narrative but this channel will use the same to curate a healthy, informative narrative that can genuinely benefit people in forming an opinion that is backed by facts and uncompromised information without any bias. Nitish Rajput wants to empower and facilitate people to challenge atrocities and become more vocal about issues plaguing Indian society.
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Content

0.08 -> This is India's map and this is Manipur.

2.7 -> Manipur shares its boundary with Mizoram, Assam and Myanmar.

6.6 -> If we look at the map of Manipur as a ground,

8.619 -> then where the audience is sitting, there are mountains.

11.58 -> And the plain ground in the middle,

13.16 -> and here is Manipur's capital, Imphal.

15.34 -> And this whole area is called the Imphal Valley.

17.66 -> So Manipur looks like this.

19.239 -> Manipur's 10% area is the valley, i.e.the plain ground.

22.68 -> And 90% of the area has mountains.

24.36 -> Koki and Naga tribes live in this area.

26.68 -> And the Mahatma's live in plains.

27.84 -> Now this Manipur, in 1709, was called Kanglaipaag.

32.86 -> The Maitai people lived here and their king was Pamheiba.

35.74 -> Who was the king of this Kanglaipaag, i.e.Manipur.

38.34 -> Pamheiba was also a Maitai, but after some time,

40.98 -> he came in touch with a preacher named Shantidas.

43.34 -> And then he adopted Hindu religion.

45.34 -> Now after adopting Hindu religion,

47.08 -> first of all, he changed the name of Kanglaipaag

48.54 -> and made Sanskrit name Manipur.

51.58 -> After that, he changed his name from Pambhi Ba

53.24 -> and made it Garib Nawaz.

55.1 -> And he changed the state religion of Manipur to Hinduism.

58.3 -> After doing all these things, he started expanding the Manipur kingdom.

61.72 -> Next to Manipur was the Kingdom of Burma,

63.78 -> which is now called Myanmar.

66.2 -> Its first name was Burma.

67.819 -> So Pambhi Ba attacked the Kingdom of Burma multiple times

70.4 -> and connected Burma to Manipur.

72.459 -> Now see, whether it is Manipur or Myanmar,

73.9 -> these are all mountainous areas.

75.48 -> And in all these areas, there used to be multiple tribes living at that time.

78.58 -> And the tribes used to keep moving.

80.44 -> For example, if a tribe is living in a jungle area,

82.78 -> then when the resources of that area run out,

84.52 -> then that tribe changes the place.

87.04 -> So the tribes in Manipur,

88.42 -> you will see them in the areas around Manipur,

90.14 -> like Mahanmar, etc.

92.08 -> So the king of Manipur, Pambhi Ba,

93.98 -> connected Burma to Manipur,

95.84 -> but on 13th of December, 1751,

98.6 -> Pamheiba died.

99.9 -> And after his death, the Manipur kingdom becomes weak.

102.38 -> And taking advantage of this,

103.58 -> slowly, Burma continuously attacks Manipur

106.5 -> and keeps occupying small areas.

108.94 -> Then in the year 1819,

110.62 -> Burma completely occupies the Kingdom of Manipur.

112.82 -> And for many years, Manipur gets attacked.

116.04 -> This was the time when people from Manipur

117.48 -> were running to Mizoram, Assam,

119.5 -> Tripura area.

121.26 -> And even today, in this area, you will find kukis,

123.3 -> Naga, Maithai,

124.88 -> all the populations.

125.88 -> So after this, for the next 5 years, this happens in Manipur.

128.62 -> Then the year comes, 1824.

130.479 -> King of Manipur, Gambhir Singh,

132.18 -> asked the Britishers for help.

133.639 -> That Burma is attacking us a lot.

135.54 -> And you help us.

136.8 -> Strategically, the location of Manipur was very good for the Britishers.

140.32 -> So the Britishers agree to this.

140.96 -> And after 2 years of fighting,

143.6 -> in February 1826,

145.139 -> the Britishers defeat Burma's army

146.28 -> and send them out of Manipur.

148.54 -> So this time, from 1819 to 1826,

151.699 -> this was the time when the people of Manipur

153.72 -> suffered the most.

155.04 -> This particular time is called in Manipur,

157.26 -> Chahi Taret Khuntakpa.

159.52 -> Meaning, 7 years of devastation.

161.16 -> Now the Britishers didn't help Manipur for charity.

163.74 -> The Britishers let the King of Manipur remain the King.

166.68 -> But they kept the control of Manipur.

168.98 -> And kept taking the tax.

170.487 -> The Britishers did it in two ways.

173.66 -> First, they took the entire kingdom under their control.

176.56 -> Or they let the King be the King.

178.1 -> And they ruled indirectly.

179.84 -> In this way, the Britishers made their officers

181.22 -> the King's advisers.

183.08 -> This arrangement is called the princely state.

185.4 -> So Manipur was also a princely state.

186.76 -> The Britishers had a way of ruling.

188.52 -> They ruled in planes.

190.02 -> And left the mountains like this.

191.56 -> Because it was difficult to control the army in the mountains.

194.54 -> Secondly, the Britishers were able to do more economic activities in the planes.

197.3 -> So in Manipur, the Britishers

198.62 -> separated the plain area from the mountains.

201.48 -> There was no border between the mountains and the plains.

204.18 -> They just didn't disturb the tribes.

205.9 -> And kept the control on the plains.

207.78 -> And this thing that the Britishers did

209.34 -> is the first reason for the violence in Manipur today.

214.04 -> So in the Hill area of Manipur,

216.08 -> there were many tribes.

217.68 -> These multiple tribes were given different names.

220.2 -> So the plain area of Manipur,

222.12 -> where the Meitei lived.

223.32 -> The tribes that lived in the hills were multiple tribes.

225.48 -> In which the tribes that were similar to this side

227.261 -> were called the kukis by the Britishers for the first time.

230.26 -> Like there were so many tribes in the kukis.

232.62 -> And the same tribes that lived in the Myanmar side

235.48 -> were called the Chins.

237.28 -> Similarly, the tribes that lived in the hills on this side of Manipur

240.22 -> were mostly called the Nagas.

243.7 -> So from then on, there were three major groups in Manipur.

246.54 -> Meiteis, kukis and Nagas.

248.36 -> The Kukis' population was also on the hills outside Manipur.

251.24 -> Similarly, the Nagas' population was also on the Nagaland side outside Manipur.

254.32 -> Speaking of the Meiteis,

255.98 -> when the Kingdom of Burma attacked,

257.779 -> at that time, all the Meiteis went to Mizoram, Tripura, and this side.

261.92 -> So even today, their population is in these states.

263.7 -> In total, the population of the three tribes is not only restricted in Manipur.

267.22 -> It is also found in the neighboring states.

268.94 -> These three also disagree a lot with each other.

270.64 -> That we came first or you came first.

272.44 -> Like the Meiteis say that in 1891,

274.8 -> the Britishers separated the mountains and plains

276.42 -> in an artificial way to rule.

279.52 -> Otherwise, whether it is the hills and plains of Manipur,

281.92 -> both are of our ancestors.

282.88 -> And the Meiteis say for the Kukis that they came from Mayanmar in the 18th and 19th centuries.

287.44 -> Similarly, the Kukis say that this whole area is ours.

290.32 -> Here are our tribes and we have been living here for a long time.

292.62 -> Similarly, the Nagas say that our tribes have been living in the orange area for a long time.

296.72 -> So this area is ours.

297.56 -> But there is no proof of actual history.

299.86 -> Assumptions are made on the basis of some events.

302.24 -> Now, what happens is that in the year 1914,

304.72 -> the First World War begins and the Britishers

306.8 -> take 2000 soldiers from Manipur to fight on their side.

309.8 -> The Britishers also tried to take the Kukis.

311.56 -> Because they were very skilled in fighting,

313.44 -> but the Cookies refused to fight the Britishers.

316.86 -> And because of this, the Britishers were very unhappy with them

318.92 -> and attacked them.

321.24 -> This fight lasted for a long time and the Kukis also suffered a lot.

325.22 -> But the Britishers defeated the Kukis.

327.04 -> This fight is also called the Anglo-Kuki War.

329.4 -> As the Britishers had won the war with the Kukis,

331.32 -> but it was not easy to control the Kukis.

333.22 -> And the Britishers began to socially include them

336.72 -> So that it is easy to control them,

338.44 -> the Britishers made a strategy

339.94 -> in which they sent Christian missionaries to the kukis area.

343.54 -> This was the time when the Kukis became Christians.

345.86 -> Even today, the majority of the population of the Kukis is Christians.

349.1 -> And if we talk about the Meiteis,

350.48 -> they are Hindus because of their king.

352.38 -> Now, time passes slowly and the time of the Second World War comes.

355.36 -> This was the time when the people of Manipur had an idea

357.48 -> that the Britishers were going to leave from here.

359.9 -> And the Britishers gave the idea to the North-East population

363.28 -> in unsaid communication that they will stay separate

364.94 -> and there will be no merger between them.

366.38 -> So at this time, the Britishers did not go.

367.92 -> They were talking about leaving.

369.54 -> And the king of Manipur at that time was Raja Bodhchandra Singh.

372.62 -> The people of Manipur had put a lot of pressure on the king

374.66 -> that you should give power to the people of Manipur

376.16 -> and bring democracy.

377.92 -> So on July 26, 1947,

380.38 -> Raja Bodhchandra Singh,

381.46 -> brings Manipur State Constitution Act,

383.38 -> in 1947 for Manipur.

385.48 -> Now after a month, in August 1947,

388.32 -> the Britishers leave everything and go back.

390.3 -> Now as I told you that the Britishers

391.7 -> ruled the states in two ways.

393.7 -> One directly ruled the state

395.02 -> and the other indirectly ruled through the king.

398.76 -> So when India got freedom,

400.22 -> there was an agreement that

401.42 -> where the Britishers were directly ruling,

403.3 -> they would come under the direct control of India.

405.16 -> But where they did not directly rule,

407.24 -> i.e.they ruled through the king,

408.96 -> which is called the princely state,

410.44 -> there will be an instrument of accession sign

412.1 -> in which the state will run itself.

414.5 -> Only defense, external affairs and communication

417.06 -> will be seen by India.

418.6 -> So Manipur was also a princely state.

420.52 -> So here also the instrument of accession was signed.

422.4 -> This is it's copy.

423.9 -> After signing this, Manipur's defense,

425.9 -> external affairs and communication

427.36 -> came under the control of India.

428.86 -> After signing this agreement,

430.94 -> the Manipur State Constitution Act,

432.52 -> which was brought in 1947,

434.64 -> India refused to accept it.

436.04 -> Actually Manipur was a strategically

437.52 -> important location for India.

439.34 -> The way the involvement of foreign countries

441.18 -> was happening and Manipur's administration

443.02 -> was very weak,

444.32 -> it could have caused problems in India.

445.48 -> So in 1949, when Manipur's king,

448.56 -> Bodh Chandra Singh came to Shillong

450.58 -> for some work,

451.14 -> the Indian government put him in house arrest.

453.7 -> And then they left him when

455.26 -> they signed the merger agreement with India.

457.58 -> i.e.they signed an agreement to join India.

460.08 -> This is a copy of that merger agreement.

461.68 -> And this is an article of that time.

463.14 -> On 21st of September 1949,

465.16 -> this agreement was signed and on 15th of October 1949,

468.58 -> this was implemented.

469.58 -> And this was the time when

471.24 -> Meiteis

471.96 -> used to say that

472.8 -> at this time, they were given the status of tribes,

475.6 -> i.e.they were in the ST category.

477.42 -> But later they were removed from this category.

479.014 -> And Meiteis

480.928 -> says that

481.614 -> we are not asking for the status of ST.

482.3 -> We are asking to reinstate the previous status of ST.

486.66 -> And Kukis says that

487.88 -> they have started saying this recently.

489.82 -> They have been privileged from the beginning.

491.16 -> They were never in the ST category.

492.92 -> So Manipur's merger happens with India

494.42 -> and Manipur is kept as a Part C state.

497.24 -> Part C state means that

498.62 -> a Dewan or a Chief Commission will run Manipur.

500.72 -> Then in 1956, Manipur was made a Union Territory.

505.12 -> And then in 1972,

507.04 -> Manipur was given the status of a complete state within India.

509.82 -> Manipur had become a state within India.

512.52 -> But 12 years before 1972,

514.64 -> i.e.in 1960,

515.84 -> the Indian government brought

517.14 -> Land Reform Act of 1960 within Manipur.

519.28 -> In which it was written that

519.9 -> the people of Manipur's valley area

521.64 -> could not buy land in the hills.

524.12 -> But the tribes living in the hills

525.559 -> could buy land in Imphal Valley

526.44 -> where the Metteis lived.

528.9 -> i.e.they could buy land in Manipur.

531.46 -> The way the Britishers divided Manipur

533.24 -> into two parts

534.84 -> in hills and valley

535.799 -> India treated Manipur in the same way

538.84 -> by governing hills and valley in different ways.

541.98 -> So the first thing that India brought

543.179 -> was the Land Reform Act within Manipur.

545.14 -> The second thing is that

546.059 -> according to Article 342 of the Indian Constitution

549.059 -> who will be the ST in India

550.419 -> and who will not be the ST

551.5 -> will be decided by a President's notification.

553 -> So who will be kept in the list of STs

554.96 -> and who will be removed?

556.72 -> In 1965, a locker committee was formed.

559.12 -> According to this committee,

560.4 -> 5 things will decide

561.4 -> who will be the ST in India and who will not be.

564.02 -> These 5 criteria were

565.04 -> Primitiveness, Distinctiveness, Isolation, Inhabitation and Backwardness.

570.179 -> who was kept and removed by the Logur committee

572.44 -> in the description.

573.54 -> I will not add anything from my side.

575.24 -> I have given the link to everything in the description.

576.919 -> Please verify it once.

578.2 -> In the Logur committee report,

579.64 -> on page 26,

581.059 -> the reason for removing the ST is given

582.66 -> and on page 24, the reason for including them is given.

586.44 -> After this, the Kukis who lived in the hills

587.88 -> are kept in the ST category

589.1 -> and the metis is kept in the ST and OBC category

592.26 -> but not in the ST category.

594 -> In the same way, the Nagas is kept in the ST category.

596.559 -> When Manipur was merged with India,

598.84 -> some insurgent groups were formed in Manipur

600.88 -> who were against India

601.84 -> and took up arms

602.86 -> and attacked the Indian government officials.

605.54 -> They did this because

607.419 -> they wanted to separate Manipur from India.

609.299 -> This was their name.

610.28 -> They said that before joining India, Manipur

612.34 -> made its constitution and got it done till the election.

614.7 -> But still, they were forced to sign

616.799 -> and made Manipur part of India.

619.44 -> And joining Manipur with India is illegal.

621.82 -> So all these groups who were saying

623.34 -> that joining Manipur with India is illegal

625.04 -> were largely active in the Imphal valley.

627.179 -> They did not talk about any specific group

628.34 -> but mostly Meiteis were in them.

631.179 -> After some time, the tribes in the hills

633.22 -> formed their groups.

634.66 -> First, the Naga tribe formed their insurgent group.

637.38 -> The Nagas said that they did not care about anyone else.

639.6 -> All these Naga areas

640.6 -> where the Nagas live, like Nagaland,

643.36 -> Manipur, Assam and Myanmar

645.04 -> we have to form a greater Nagaland country

647.12 -> and they were talking about the country and not the state.

649.82 -> They formed a group

650.6 -> National Socialist Council of Nagaland

653.22 -> NSCN and this group

654.64 -> took up arms and attacked the Indian government and Myanmar.

657.8 -> Looking at them,

659.08 -> the Kukis formed their group

660.26 -> and said that they also want their Kuki land.

662.84 -> But the Kukis said that they do not want a separate country

664.58 -> and that they want a separate state in India

666.64 -> where all the cookie tribes are in the majority.

668.86 -> But slowly, they started fighting amongst themselves.

670.94 -> Because the Kukis ask for their own homeland

673 -> the red area in this area

675.34 -> is the Kukis' area.

677.12 -> The Nagas want to form a greater Nagaland.

679.06 -> The area you are seeing is claimed by the Nagas.

681.22 -> But if you look at both the maps

682.98 -> the area of Naga and Kukis

685.02 -> is overlapping.

686.46 -> That is why the Kukis and Naga fight amongst themselves.

688.8 -> And in the case of Meiteis who live in Valley

690.56 -> there is Meiteis vs.

692 -> Hill

692.16 -> where Naga and kukis become one.

694.32 -> So basically, there is a disagreement

696.42 -> between the three tribes in this region.

697.8 -> All the tribes do not care much about policy

699.56 -> they just want to preserve their culture

702.62 -> without any interference

704.14 -> and they should live together.

706.24 -> As I said, the Kukis and Nagas' area is overlapping.

709.76 -> So regarding this

710.2 -> on 13th of September, 1993

712.92 -> the Nagas invaded the Kukis' area

714.94 -> and attacked them.

716.6 -> In this, 115 Kukis had to die.

719.58 -> This day is known as Kukis Black Day.

721.66 -> After this fight,

722.8 -> every tribe formed its own insurgent group.

725.44 -> These insurgent group

726.34 -> were considered to be their army

727.6 -> which fought for their interests.

729.76 -> As we talk about the Kukis

730.22 -> the Kukis National Army, KNA

733.08 -> United Socialist Revolutionary Army

735.26 -> Zomie Reunification Front

736.88 -> National Socialist Council of Nagaland

740.26 -> they fought amongst themselves

741.38 -> and against India time to time.

743.58 -> This was the time when India declared Manipur

746.24 -> as a disturbed area

747.78 -> and when Indian government

748.76 -> declares an area as disturbed

750.2 -> then they create a disturbance

751.92 -> and the government had to create a disturbance

754.24 -> in this region.

755.929 -> If the military has only doubts

758.24 -> then they can kill someone on the basis of doubt.

760.94 -> In this region, the government

762.14 -> stands in the position of a stalemate

763.3 -> because every group's demand

765.08 -> overlaps with the other group's.

766.72 -> For example, if a deal is finalized with one group then other insurgent groups were ready to fight.

772.187 -> Kukis had three insurgent group i

774.42 -> and in the year 2001

775.84 -> the Naga Army along with NSC and IM

778.22 -> and the rest of the state

780.08 -> started the peace process.

782.06 -> The Nagas who are demanding

783.44 -> Greater Nagaland, Manipur's hill area also comes.

787.04 -> So, the Meiteis in Manipur

788.62 -> became insecure because the conversation

790.52 -> was going in a positive direction

791.46 -> with the Indian government and the Nagas

793.14 -> and the Meiteis feared that

794.22 -> the Nagas who are demanding Manipur

797.76 -> will get their share.

798.44 -> And with this fear, after some time

800.1 -> protests started in Manipur in 2001

802.34 -> and there was a lot of violence

804.5 -> even the assembly of Manipur

806 -> was set on fire.

807.94 -> Many people lost their lives.

809.62 -> The situation of Nagaland is more threatening

812.5 -> than Manipur.

812.92 -> There is a village Khonoma

814.28 -> where a memorial is still written

816.38 -> Nagas are not Indians.

818.48 -> Why is this written and why does

819.34 -> Nagaland have to declare disturbed area?

822.66 -> In detail, a Kuku FM audio book

825.22 -> The Nagaland Controversy

826.68 -> has explained very well how all these things

829.06 -> started and why these people

830.72 -> demand for a separate country.

832.18 -> You must listen to it on Kukku FM.

833.86 -> Kuku FM is one of the best audio learning platforms

836.46 -> where you can listen to more than 10,000 audio books

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842.32 -> NR50 and get a 50% discount on the first month subscription.

846.78 -> To download, you can scan this QR code

848.68 -> and go to the pinned comment

850.8 -> and download from the link.

852.58 -> So, let's come back to the topic.

853.56 -> And after this incident, the conflict between

854.8 -> the Meteis and Tribals has increased.

858.1 -> Because the Mettis have started saying that

859.22 -> the population is changing in Manipur

860.6 -> and the population is increasing in the tribal areas.

862.98 -> And along with this, the Kuki people

864.84 -> are also living in India.

866.48 -> Along with this, the Kuki groups have also been activated.

869.26 -> They also said that they want an autonomous state

871.46 -> and its demand has increased very fast.

872.78 -> In the Northeastern state, these different groups

875.22 -> are difficult to deal with

876.38 -> because if the government talks to one group

879.06 -> and finds a solution

880.56 -> then the other groups in the other states

882.64 -> feel that they will also be troubled

884.08 -> and make their decision.

885.16 -> So, whenever there is a peace talk with one group

886.56 -> then there is more instability in the other regions.

889.82 -> So, if any government comes,

890.92 -> the decision that has to be taken is kept away.

893.02 -> In 2008, Manmohan Singh's government

895 -> prepared the groups of Kukki in Manipur

896.44 -> and signed a tripartite agreement.

900.24 -> Tripartite means in which three parties are involved.

902.74 -> So, in this agreement, the state government

904.6 -> of Manipur, the central government

905.88 -> and the groups of the Kuki

907.88 -> signed an agreement called

910.2 -> suspension of operation.

911.42 -> According to this agreement, the government

913 -> signed an agreement called

915.8 -> suspension of operation with 25 groups out of 30 insurgent groups of Kuki

919.14 -> In which, a total of 2266 people

922.24 -> were identified

922.98 -> and 14 camps were formed.

924.94 -> Their movement was restricted

928.32 -> in the camps.

928.84 -> Their weapons were locked in an area

930.28 -> and one key was with the armed forces

933.64 -> and the other key was with the Kuki leaders

936.7 -> From 2008 to today,

939.04 -> this agreement was extended

940.12 -> and the armed groups of the Kuki were stopped.

942.44 -> The government extends it every year

943.42 -> but there is no solution.

945.32 -> The armed groups of the Kuki

947.04 -> have threatened that if you do not do anything quickly

949.7 -> then we will break this agreement

950.84 -> and take up arms from the camps.

953.14 -> So, all these things that I am telling you

954.54 -> will relate to the current situation.

957.32 -> So, by 2017, Congress was delaying it

958.9 -> and after that, the government

962.12 -> of BJP came to Manipur.

964.28 -> In 2017, BJP won only 2 times

966.18 -> but in 2017, BJP

967.98 -> joined Congress N.

968.98 -> Birain Singh

969.74 -> and he joined BJP

973.42 -> and became CM.

975.04 -> So, the thing that Congress was doing,

976.26 -> the same thing that BJP did, extended this agreement every year.

979.66 -> But in 2022, when there are elections again

981.6 -> then Home Minister Amit Shah

982.88 -> went to Manipur and said

984.82 -> that if BJP wins again

986.7 -> then within 5 years, Kuki will get a solution.

989.96 -> And at that time, Kuki and Meiteis

991.88 -> both voted for BJP and BJP won.

994.52 -> And N.Biren Singh became CM.

996.08 -> Now, because in Manipur, Meitie's population

997.66 -> is more, 53%

999.38 -> and the people of Hills are comparatively less

1001.56 -> and Chief Minister Biren Singh himself is also a Meitei

1003.5 -> so, he is being accused time to time

1005.5 -> that he supports Meitei's.

1007.3 -> N.Biren Singh, the Chief Minister, has raised this issue many times

1009.88 -> that illegally, people are coming

1011.3 -> from Myanmar to Manipur.

1013.28 -> He says that Myanmar, Thailand, Laos

1015.78 -> and China's area, which is called

1017.42 -> the Golden Triangle, there is a lot of business of drugs here

1021.86 -> and the Hills area, especially the Reserve Forest

1024.14 -> is used for farming.

1026.04 -> And this Golden Triangle area,

1027.56 -> where there are a lot of drugs, is supplied here.

1030.339 -> And because of this, the Hills area

1032.08 -> especially the Reserve Forest,

1033.339 -> many dangerous groups are doing illegal business here.

1036.3 -> The government of Manipur has also said that

1037.64 -> within Manipur, the population is abnormally increasing.

1040.72 -> If you talk about all over India,

1042.56 -> then the population growth rate is

1043.9 -> 24.66%.

1045.44 -> In Manipur, the population growth rate

1048.099 -> is 32.46.

1049.48 -> And if you go to the Hills area,

1051.2 -> the population is increasing by 100.18%.

1054.42 -> The growth rate is very abnormal.

1056.44 -> Meitei's says that in 1901,

1058.599 -> the total population of Manipur was 60%.

1061.04 -> And in 2022,

1062.099 -> the total population is 49%.

1064.14 -> And the kukis in 1901,

1066.66 -> the total population was 1%.

1068.44 -> And in 2022, it has increased by 29%.

1070.48 -> Along with this, because of the

1071.96 -> change in the table in Myanmar,

1072.9 -> the situation there is also delicate.

1074.3 -> And the boundary between Myanmar and Manipur

1075.32 -> is made up of very complex mountains.

1078.4 -> It is very easy to illegally

1078.619 -> go from this country to that country.

1081.02 -> And it is very difficult to track it.

1082.619 -> So the tribes who find the situation of the country

1084.54 -> right, they keep coming and going.

1086.76 -> It is very difficult to track them.

1088.099 -> Many times it is also said that

1089.619 -> gold is purchased from Myanmar and sold in India.

1091.52 -> Along with this, the CM of Manipur has said that

1093.4 -> in the last 5 years,

1094.88 -> the maximum number of drug traffickers arrested in Manipur

1096.599 -> is the Kuki chain tribes of Myanmar.

1099.5 -> The CM of Manipur has also alleged that

1102.339 -> there are some particular people

1103.339 -> of the Kuki tribes in Manipur

1106.02 -> who grow the poppy in 13,121 acres.

1109.339 -> But the Kukis say that

1110.64 -> they themselves are Meiteis

1111.3 -> and the population in Manipur is more than Mettis.

1113.46 -> So they are targeting the tribals

1114.48 -> and making their vote bank happy.

1116.2 -> In 2018, N.

1117.32 -> Biren Singh said in an interview

1117.8 -> of India Today Conclave that

1120.4 -> there is not a single person in Manipur

1121.46 -> who is an illegal immigrant.

1132.94 -> Their statements have changed a lot in the past and now.

1135.04 -> The illegal immigrants

1136.14 -> and the drug angle

1137.32 -> this year, in February,

1139.94 -> the state government decides

1141.24 -> that in the Hill area,

1142.4 -> which is the Khoupum protected forest

1144.099 -> and Churachan and Tengnopal district

1147.119 -> will conduct a survey of the forest.

1148.8 -> Earlier, for commercial purposes,

1150.48 -> the forest was cut down and misused.

1152.9 -> So under the provision of Section 29

1154.44 -> of the Indian Forest Act 1927,

1157.42 -> state government property rights

1158.64 -> are taken over by the reserve forest.

1159.88 -> No one can live there and use those resources.

1162.32 -> And the government started the survey by giving reference to this.

1164.82 -> When the people of the forest department come here

1166.8 -> the Zomie Students Federation

1168.14 -> expels them.

1169.56 -> They said that the people of the forest department

1171.08 -> came and they did not have any valid documents.

1173.5 -> No prior notice was given to us.

1175.14 -> And the second thing they said is that

1177.3 -> the Hill areas of Manipur

1178.829 -> have a special status under Article 371C.

1181.63 -> According to this article,

1183.839 -> the Hill area of Manipur, the MLA of that area

1186.599 -> will be made a committee

1189.359 -> and they will take care

1190.42 -> of the water, land and forest cultivation.

1193.28 -> And after discussing this article,

1195.859 -> the Kukis said that

1196.76 -> the government is doing illegal activity against us.

1199.119 -> But even after this, the government does not stop.

1200.82 -> The eviction drive is started

1202.52 -> and the houses are broken.

1204.859 -> People protested a lot

1205.92 -> and it was said that more than 200 people

1208.14 -> were homeless.

1209.56 -> More than 200 family members

1211.68 -> have been rendered homeless.

1213.76 -> The same situation of eviction drive

1215.08 -> happened in Nagaland as well.

1216.8 -> But the central government of BJP

1218.08 -> warned the state government

1219.28 -> that if you do this drive, there will be violence.

1222.58 -> And after this, the eviction drive was stopped in Nagaland.

1225.16 -> But the state government of Manipur did not stop it.

1227.44 -> And it was said that it was done because

1228.88 -> many villagers were doing drugs business here.

1231.66 -> After this, all the tribes student organizations

1234.7 -> of the Kuki tribes

1235.16 -> protested against this in March 2023

1237.02 -> and started a rally.

1238.2 -> The CM was also rallying for an event

1240.04 -> and the protestors also reached there.

1242.3 -> And the violence increased a lot.

1243.78 -> And the situation increased so much that

1245.18 -> police and people started fighting.

1247.18 -> And after this, curfew was imposed

1248.619 -> and mobile services were shut down for 5 days.

1250.92 -> In the beginning, I told you that Manmohan Singh

1252.88 -> signed the suspension of operation in 2008

1255.78 -> in which there were 25 Kuki insurgency groups.

1258.359 -> So, out of these 25 groups,

1259.839 -> 2 groups, Kuki National Army,

1261.74 -> KNA and Zomie Revolutionary Army.

1263.599 -> The government said that all this violence

1265.08 -> is because of these 2 groups.

1266.619 -> And they broke the suspension of operation agreement.

1270.52 -> So, these 2 groups should be removed from this group.

1272.42 -> And after removing these 2 groups,

1273.58 -> the peace agreement was also violated.

1275.78 -> After this, on 11th April 2023,

1277.94 -> in the tribal colony of Imphal valley,

1279.9 -> 3 churches which were built on the government land

1281.44 -> were called avayat and broken.

1283.54 -> This made the cookies more angry

1285.2 -> because the majority of the cookie tribes

1287.119 -> are Christians.

1288.52 -> Now, this was a topic that was going on

1289.82 -> but it did not stop here.

1291.54 -> And another topic was also raised.

1293.359 -> Actually, in the year 2012,

1295.42 -> Meiteis was trying multiple times to get the postion of ST

1299.24 -> For this, they made a committee,

1300.92 -> Scheduled Tribe Demand Committee of Manipur,

1303.24 -> ST DCM.

1304.119 -> And continuously,

1304.839 -> they were making memorandums

1305.68 -> and submitting requests to the governor and CM Okran

1308.46 -> that they get the status of ST.

1311.02 -> So, this year, High Court said

1313.4 -> that Meiteis has made multiple requests

1315.34 -> for the status of ST since 2013.

1317.52 -> So, this is what High Court said

1319 -> to the state government that they should

1320.94 -> give the recommendation to the Meitei community

1323.04 -> to keep the ST in the list or not.

1325.54 -> And give a decision in 4 weeks.

1326.92 -> And with this decision of High Court,

1328.14 -> the old gap between Meiteis and the Kukis

1329.76 -> opens up.

1331.64 -> Meiteis says that the area we are living in

1333.94 -> is 10% of Manipur.

1336.28 -> And their population is 53%.

1338.02 -> This 10% valley area,

1340.9 -> Meiteis, Gorkha, Muslims,

1344.16 -> and the kukis,

1344.96 -> their population also lives here.

1346.66 -> Kukis can buy the land anywhere in Manipur

1349.12 -> but not Meiteis.

1351.02 -> Meiteis has only gone to the valley

1352.38 -> and submitted.

1353.2 -> They also said that

1354.1 -> from any corner of India, the tribals

1355.54 -> can come and buy the land in the hills of Manipur

1356.84 -> but they can't buy the land

1358.48 -> on their ancestor's land.

1361.02 -> Actually, under India's Prevention of Atrocity

1363.28 -> Amendment Act, 1989,

1365.221 -> no non-ST can buy the land

1367.521 -> from the ST community.

1368.82 -> Meaning, all the tribes outside Manipur

1370.96 -> can come and buy the land in Manipur.

1373.26 -> Meiteis also shares the time to time data

1374.74 -> and says that in 1901,

1376.6 -> the total population of Manipur was 60%

1379.28 -> and in the year 2022,

1381.16 -> the total population was 49%.

1383.54 -> The kukis were 1% in 1901

1386.1 -> and 29% in the year 2022.

1389.58 -> And the population rate is increasing

1390.76 -> and this is abnormal.

1391.84 -> The reason behind this is

1393.08 -> the illegal migration from Myanmar.

1394.56 -> Meiteis said that it would be easy to rule the British

1396.58 -> so he ruled the valley and left the hills.

1399.4 -> But even if it is the hills or plains,

1400.98 -> Meiteis should have the full right to Manipur

1402.54 -> otherwise, we will lose our identity.

1404.56 -> The kukis said that

1405.86 -> Meiteis is 53% of the population.

1408.32 -> It is already in the majority.

1410.04 -> They live in the plains

1410.76 -> so economic activity is more there.

1413.26 -> There are hospitals, education centers,

1415.56 -> the infrastructure is good.

1416.44 -> So it is financially good.

1418 -> Of the 60 seats of Manipur,

1419.66 -> 20 are ours and the remaining 40

1423.12 -> are with Meiteis.

1424.88 -> They make the CM who they want.

1427.6 -> And up to date,

1428.46 -> only 2 times in a row,

1430.14 -> a CM has been appointed

1430.98 -> who is not from the Meiteis caste.

1432.28 -> So Meiteis is politically more powerful.

1434.72 -> Kukis also gives an example

1436.5 -> of how in 2006,

1439 -> the Panchayati Raj Mantralay

1440.08 -> declared it as the poorest district of the country.

1442.56 -> So Meiteis is financially strong

1444.18 -> and if it is in the ST category,

1446.04 -> then all our land will go to them.

1448.02 -> And they also say that

1448.92 -> if all the STs in Manipur

1451.1 -> are made,

1451.56 -> then the ST category will not be of any value.

1453.42 -> In fact, according to kukis,

1454.86 -> constitutionally also,

1455.92 -> according to the Lokur committee,

1457.5 -> Meiteis does not fit in the criteria of ST.

1460.34 -> The way Meiteis is fighting for the ST category,

1462.96 -> Kukis is also fighting for their rights for many years.

1465.4 -> According to the sixth schedule in the law of India,

1468.66 -> the tribes living in the hills

1469.72 -> can make their own autonomous

1471.94 -> district council there.

1473.28 -> That is, where the tribe lives,

1475.68 -> land, cultivation, inheritance,

1477.9 -> forest, custom, tradition,

1479.42 -> they can make their own rules related to all these things.

1481.94 -> No outsider can interfere in that.

1483.54 -> Now this has been implemented

1483.76 -> in Assam, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Tripura hill area.

1487.88 -> But the tribes of Manipur

1488.96 -> have been kept out of the sixth schedule.

1491.7 -> So the tribes of Manipur Hills

1493.3 -> have fought a lot to put them in the sixth schedule.

1496.36 -> In fact, on August 2021,

1498.04 -> all the 20 MLA of Manipur's hillside tribes

1499.46 -> said that they have not been kept

1501.54 -> in the sixth schedule.

1503.16 -> So they made a bill themselves

1505.08 -> which was called Manipur ADC Bill 2021.

1508.18 -> In this, the Hill Area Committee,

1510.52 -> HAC and ADC

1512.1 -> were asked to give more power.

1513.96 -> So that they can take decisions related to their tribes

1515.82 -> themselves.

1517.26 -> They also sent this to the state government

1518.54 -> and the state government completely ignored it.

1521.82 -> So kukis says that first,

1523.36 -> we were kept out of the sixth schedule.

1525.36 -> Second, the bill we made was completely ignored.

1528.8 -> And now it is being talked about

1529.929 -> putting Meiteis in the ST category.

1531.88 -> So when this order came from the High Court,

1533.94 -> there was a lot of commotion in the entire area

1535.36 -> and the government also got stuck in this.

1537.26 -> If Meities gets the ST category,

1538.94 -> then they will get the benefit in Manipur.

1540.68 -> Because Meiteis are more in Manipur.

1542.46 -> But the rest of the mountains, states,

1544.86 -> and tribal population of India,

1546.4 -> the government does not want to make them unhappy

1547.38 -> because there are elections in 2024.

1549.62 -> So what happens every time, it happened here too.

1551.74 -> The decision was not taken.

1553.06 -> The government requested the HAC

1554.66 -> to give the time of 4 weeks for 1 year.

1559.2 -> Now, this decision of the HAC

1560.46 -> against this, on 3rd May 2023,

1563.72 -> in Churachandrapur district,

1565.14 -> All Tribal Student Union of Manipur

1567.04 -> starts a Tribal Solidarity March

1568.64 -> in which more than 80,000 people are involved

1571.34 -> who were asked not to give the ST category

1574.6 -> Meiteis also took out a rally saying that

1576.38 -> they should get the ST category.

1577.62 -> And in the evening, the Anglo-Kuki War Memorial Gate

1579.9 -> in Churachandrapur is burnt.

1582.72 -> This causes violence between the two groups.

1585.22 -> Those areas where there were less Kukis

1586.64 -> and Meiteis were more,

1587.96 -> Kukis had to suffer heavy losses.

1589.78 -> Those areas where there were less Meiteis

1591.62 -> and more Kukis,

1592.82 -> Meiteis suffered a lot.

1594.38 -> Normally, when there are riots,

1596.44 -> the common people raise stones and sticks

1598.18 -> but the situation in Manipur is completely different.

1602.04 -> The different groups in Manipur

1603.26 -> have their own insurgent groups

1605.02 -> and their own army.

1606.7 -> And even if they make a peace agreement

1608.66 -> with the government and keep the arms,

1610.26 -> but in such a situation,

1612 -> they break all the agreements and pick up the weapons again.

1614.82 -> And if there is a business of drugs from outside,

1616.3 -> then they get access to one to one advanced weapons.

1619.58 -> The biggest problem was

1621.14 -> that the Kukis police

1624.2 -> left their police station

1625.22 -> and went to the Kuki police station

1627.44 -> and the Meiteis police

1628.64 -> went to the Meiteis police station.

1630.8 -> So, the Police of Manipur

1632.18 -> was divided and became

1633.68 -> the Kukis police and Meiteis police.

1635.96 -> And allegations were made that

1637.16 -> all these police are supporting their groups.

1639.9 -> The police used to wait and when the incident happened,

1642.34 -> they used to inform after that

1646.2 -> The weapon inventory of the police

1648.22 -> was looted in two phases.

1649.94 -> On 1st May, around 1600 weapons were looted

1652.12 -> and on 27th and 28th,

1654.06 -> more than 2557 weapons were looted.

1655.74 -> Many officials also said that they did not loot

1657.42 -> but the police gave it to the community

1659.04 -> to see if it belongs to their community or not.

1661.68 -> And weapon inventory registers were also torn

1663.22 -> so that no details can be traced.

1665.32 -> For the police, their weapons are very important

1666.96 -> and it comes down to their job.

1668.76 -> Many people came to the police

1669.74 -> and submitted their Aadhaar card

1670.96 -> and asked for weapons.

1672.6 -> When the fight was over, they would return their weapons.

1675.08 -> The violence of Manipur spread

1676.8 -> when a girl's fake picture

1678.42 -> which was wrapped in a polybag

1679.76 -> started to circulate.

1682.08 -> After seeing that picture, the violence increased

1684.08 -> and everyone started targeting each other's women.

1686.44 -> Later it was found that that picture was of Delhi

1688.46 -> and that too was of 2022.

1690.36 -> After that, churches, businesses,

1692.38 -> houses were targeted and people started

1693.68 -> to leave Manipur and run away.

1695.32 -> Now the situation has become that

1696.4 -> no matter if it is the areas, houses,

1698.56 -> police, government officials,

1700.22 -> everyone has divided into two groups and are targeting each other.

1702.54 -> In the beginning, in just 48 hours

1704.02 -> more than 60 people died.

1706.32 -> In Churachand district,

1707.78 -> more than 1700 zero FIRs were filed.

1710.04 -> The normal FIR is where crime happens

1712.62 -> and it has to be filed in the same area.

1714.66 -> But in the zero FIR, in any area

1716.5 -> you can go to the nearest police station

1717.88 -> and file a zero FIR.

1719.88 -> And then your case, the area in which

1721.5 -> the incident took place, will be transferred to the nearest station.

1724.8 -> But in Manipur, zero FIRs were taking place

1726.98 -> but they were not being transferred.

1728.54 -> When so much happened, Manipur was divided into two groups

1731.02 -> and people looses their lives.

1732.56 -> Then the Supreme Court said that according to

1733.8 -> the state of Maharashtra vs

1735.38 -> mellon case in 2000,

1737.7 -> the order passed by the High Court in Manipur

1739.46 -> the High Court has no rights to pass this order.

1742.44 -> According to the Constitution Article 342

1745.54 -> the Supreme Court said that according to the Constitution Article 342

1746.7 -> all this can only be done

1747.18 -> on the recommendation of the President

1748.6 -> that who has to recommend for the ST

1750.8 -> and who does not have to.

1751.9 -> The Supreme Court said that the High Court's order

1754.12 -> is completely and factually wrong.

1756.26 -> Against this, action has to be taken

1757.94 -> but till then, riots had spread in Manipur.

1760.38 -> When all these things were going on

1761.5 -> a video gets viral in which a girl

1763.46 -> is paraded without clothes.

1765.18 -> You must have seen that video.

1766.68 -> Actually, on 4th May, 2023

1768.14 -> when riots were taking place

1769.38 -> some riots entered Thubul's settlement

1771.14 -> and started looting and beatings.

1773.54 -> And next to it was Thubul Police Station.

1775.08 -> When the crowd was attacked

1777.28 -> 5 people ran out of the settlement

1779.54 -> and 3 of them were female and 2 male.

1782.06 -> One of these 3 females

1782.96 -> was the wife of a retired officer.

1785.32 -> These 5 people ran towards the jungle

1786.92 -> and it was said that they saw the police there

1788.78 -> but the crowd of riots

1790.86 -> got rid of the police and took them

1793.68 -> they beat up one of these 5 women

1795.44 -> and let them go.

1796.38 -> You must have seen

1798.72 -> They crossed all the limits.

1800.4 -> The brothers and fathers of these 5 people

1801.92 -> kill them.

1802.78 -> This happens on 4th May, 2023

1804.18 -> and after 14 days, on 18th May, 2023

1807.38 -> at Thubul Police Station

1808.74 -> a girl wrote a report.

1810.48 -> But nothing happened.

1811.6 -> In the meantime, our Home Minister Amit Shah

1813.34 -> also came but he also didn't know anything.

1815.68 -> But even at that time, this didn't come out.

1817.7 -> But after 79 days

1819.28 -> the video of this incident gets viral in the whole country.

1821.82 -> And Modiji, who was quiet since 80 days

1823.28 -> who didn't say anything on these riots

1824.82 -> he also had to speak.

1838.9 -> After this, there is action

1840.06 -> and those who were behind this

1841.66 -> are arrested.

1842.9 -> But on the same day

1843.7 -> on 4th May, more girls were killed

1845.4 -> but to get action, the video

1847.44 -> had to get viral.

1848.64 -> So they couldn't get justice.

1850.06 -> For 48 hours, Manipur government

1852.04 -> was in the hands of riots.

1854.26 -> The Chief Minister was also asked

1855.74 -> about the video that got viral.

1857.26 -> So he said that there were many such cases

1859.7 -> and that's why the internet was shut down.

1867.38 -> Many similar cases have happened

1869.34 -> and that's why the internet is shut down.

1872.3 -> The government has failed

1873.66 -> in stopping all these things.

1875.36 -> In fact, the credibility of the state government

1877.02 -> has been completely destroyed for one group.

1879.36 -> In the rule, the CM should have resigned

1880.98 -> and the President should have imposed the rule

1882.58 -> because he was unsuccessful in stopping it.

1885.22 -> And the Chief Minister goes to resign on 30th June

1886.92 -> but the women tore the resignation.

1891.76 -> See how difficult it was to

1893.1 -> save a resignation letter from tearing.

1895.12 -> Many people on Twitter said that

1897.34 -> you should resign and they replied

1899.16 -> and deleted it later.

1901.08 -> And the media did this.

1914.786 -> Meiteis says that they only

1917.16 -> trust the police and not anyone

1919.46 -> and they have also alleged

1920.9 -> that Assam Rifle, the Indian Army

1923.18 -> is supporting the Kukis.

1924.24 -> That's why Meiteis is not letting the Indian Army

1926.14 -> enter their area.

1927.02 -> They are digging the road so that the army doesn't enter their area.

1929.4 -> In Sugnu, Churachandpur, when the army was going

1931.44 -> the road was dug there.

1933 -> So the army took the help of the local police

1934.3 -> to help them and find a solution here

1936.5 -> so that they can go.

1937.36 -> But the solution is far away.

1939.02 -> The police and the army got together

1940.34 -> and the situation got so bad that the police and the army

1942.5 -> shot each other.

1943.94 -> Now the central government made a committee on 4th June

1946.18 -> which is headed by Ajai Lamba, former Chief Justice

1948.7 -> of the Guwahati High Court.

1950.74 -> How did the violence happen?

1952.04 -> What were the reasons behind it?

1953.22 -> How did it spread?

1954.44 -> We have to prepare all these reports and give them in 6 months.

1957.12 -> And there are 6 cases

1957.76 -> that have been kept under Conspiracy to Violence

1960.06 -> which will be seen by the CBI.

1961.98 -> For 4 days, Amit shah met both the communities in Manipur

1964.26 -> and she said that there will be peace now

1966.02 -> but there was no peace.

1967.08 -> Now this thing is spreading in the surrounding states.

1970.64 -> The armed group of the cookies in Mizoram

1971.96 -> has threatened Meiteis that they should leave

1974.44 -> otherwise the consequences won't be good.

1976.42 -> And the Meties are leaving Mizoram

1978.1 -> and running away from there.

1979.14 -> The situation has gotten very bad.

1980.4 -> If it is left behind thinking that it will get better with time

1983.14 -> then this is the North East.

1984.62 -> Things don't get better with time but get worse.

1987.12 -> At last, I would like to tell you again that

1988.72 -> I have given the link of the audio book of Kuku FM

1990.28 -> The Nagaland Controversy in the description.

1992.92 -> Please listen to it once.

1994.16 -> Thank you.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDDdpP7QKpA