The World In 2050, The Real Future Of Earth (BBC & Nat Geo Documentaries)
The World In 2050, The Real Future Of Earth (BBC & Nat Geo Documentaries)
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The World In 2050, The Real Future Of Earth (BBC \u0026 Nat Geo Documentaries)
Can you imagine our world in 2050? Can you imagine the earth in 2050? Can you imagine people in 2050? Do you want to know the future of earth? By mid-century there will likely be 9 billion people on the planet, consuming ever more resources and leading ever more technologically complex lives. What will our cities be like? How will we eat in the future of Earth? Will global warming trigger catastrophic changes, or will we be able to engineer our way out of the world climate crisis?
In the future world demographic changes will certainly be dramatic. Rockefeller University mathematical biologist Joel Cohen says it’s likely that by 2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban areas of the earth, and will have a significantly higher average age than people today.
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The World In 2050, The Real Future Of Earth (BBC \u0026 Nat Geo Documentaries)
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Content
0.85 -> [Music]
6.56 -> we are in a race the race is against
9.76 -> time
11.04 -> we have to build cities we need them but
13.36 -> we have to make them in a different way
16 -> we need a wave of innovation not only
18.4 -> for our way of life but also the planet
21.359 -> the consequences would be enormous if we
24 -> lose this battle
27.66 -> [Music]
32.229 -> [Applause]
34.07 -> [Music]
41.16 -> [Applause]
41.63 -> [Music]
49.92 -> i'm thomas goetz executive editor at
52 -> wired magazine
53.36 -> at wired we look at the innovators and
55.52 -> innovations that are changing our world
57.52 -> in the next hour we'll see three stories
59.84 -> from acclaimed filmmakers about the
61.6 -> future of energy
63.28 -> we'll explore cutting edge innovations
65.04 -> in how we drive how we live and in our
68.08 -> first story how we fuel our cars
70.96 -> they are all ideas that promise to shape
72.88 -> the path to the world of 2050.
78.85 -> [Music]
88.08 -> the world has right now
90.24 -> close to a billion cars and we might
92.4 -> double the number of cars on the planet
93.92 -> by 2050.
95.36 -> so if we double the number of vehicles
96.88 -> we really increase
98.56 -> the amount of fuel they consume and
102.079 -> that's going to have a big big footprint
103.84 -> in terms of our demand for resources to
105.6 -> move all those vehicles around we're
107.6 -> pulling up carbon that's been stored
109.439 -> underground and burning it in our
110.96 -> automobiles and putting all that carbon
112.64 -> dioxide into the atmosphere
115.2 -> if we don't reduce that we could have
117.52 -> changes in the climate that we could
119.36 -> never recover from
122.32 -> there's a number of forecasts for what
124.88 -> type of transportation economy we could
127.04 -> move into one vision is that we will use
129.84 -> more and more liquid fuels
131.76 -> another owners will use more and more
133.04 -> electricity and right now more of the
135.68 -> industrial activity is focused around
138.239 -> liquid biofuels
140.8 -> the thing about a fuel is it's really
143.28 -> unparalleled on a weight basis how much
145.84 -> energy is in a gallon of fuel
149.12 -> and even if batteries develop as some of
151.92 -> the advocates hope they develop we're
154.08 -> not going to see batteries running large
156.319 -> trucks and we're certainly not going to
157.92 -> see an electrified airplane
161.28 -> we're going to need transportation fuels
163.28 -> for those that will directly replace the
165.519 -> petroleum-based fuels that we're using
167.44 -> today
168.959 -> this has kicked off people looking at a
170.48 -> whole range of other alternatives to
172.64 -> petroleum in your tank
173.9 -> [Music]
178.879 -> commercial production of ethanol as fuel
181.519 -> started in brazil in 1975. when we
184.56 -> started the ethanol program nobody
186.64 -> talked about
187.84 -> reducing emissions this was not an issue
190.48 -> at that time
192 -> first and most important
194.319 -> we didn't have money to buy oil anymore
196.72 -> after the first oil shock
198.48 -> we were importers of oil
200.64 -> and today
201.92 -> more than 50 percent of all cars use
205.2 -> ethanol instead of gasoline
207.36 -> brazil made a very conscious choice to
209.12 -> try to find a way to reduce their fossil
211.2 -> fuel dependence and they didn't have to
212.72 -> look very far
214 -> because brazil's climate is ideal for
216.56 -> growing sugar cane
220 -> then you have sugar cane plantation you
222.72 -> have only two things to make sugar and
226.64 -> ethanol
229.28 -> my family has been in sugarcane business
232.319 -> since 1955 and about 30 years ago i
236.799 -> thought there is opportunity to make
239.12 -> more ethanol
241.04 -> and now we are producing
243.439 -> 120
245.36 -> 000
246.319 -> cubic meters of ethanol
249.28 -> brazil today has very close to 400 sugar
252.48 -> meals
253.36 -> the overall sales is 30 billion us
256.959 -> dollars and this number is increasing
263.04 -> if you look at how they make ethanol and
265.52 -> how efficient the process is it's really
267.84 -> a model for all of us
270.24 -> they grind the plant up
272.479 -> extract the sugar from the cane the
274.72 -> sugar goes into these large fermentation
277.919 -> tanks which combines sugars together
280.32 -> with yeast that naturally produces
282.08 -> ethanol
283.12 -> they use the rest of the plant to
284.8 -> generate heat to distill the ethanol and
287.44 -> turn it into fuel
290.56 -> they also use that heat to generate
292.88 -> electricity renewably not putting excess
295.44 -> carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
298.72 -> brazil has gotten to a point today where
301.199 -> they're using about 40 percent less
303.919 -> petroleum than they would be otherwise
306.639 -> but brazil cannot supply the whole world
308.639 -> with ethanol because they would have to
310.479 -> cut very strongly into food production
312.639 -> and into critical natural areas like the
315.039 -> amazon to make that happen
317.68 -> and this really boils down to the fact
319.12 -> that there's only so much arable land
321.039 -> and
321.84 -> growing fuel for our gas tanks is yet
324.8 -> another demand on that landscape
328.24 -> we cannot keep ourselves in thinking
330.08 -> that we found a general solution for the
332.32 -> world problems i think we will have to
334.639 -> face the world in this way today we have
336.88 -> no oil in very large quantities anymore
342.08 -> we have no coal transformed in a clean
344.639 -> way in the meantime we have to do the
347.199 -> best we can
348.639 -> and the best at the moment is that we
350.4 -> can do biofuels
352.639 -> sugarcane to ethanol is an incredibly
355.12 -> efficient process you get out about
357.6 -> seven times the energy you put into
359.919 -> growing the sugarcane
361.68 -> in the u.s when we produce ethanol from
364.88 -> corn for every unit of input of energy
368.96 -> we get about the same amount of energy
370.72 -> out
371.919 -> so we're really not gaining anything we
374.88 -> need a better process we don't have to
376.96 -> take what nature has given us we can
378.56 -> actually engineer plants and yeast to be
381.68 -> more efficient and that's the basis for
384.16 -> a lot of the work that we're doing now
387.039 -> what we need to look at though is which
390.24 -> of the pathways that come out of this
392.319 -> are not only good financially but those
394.08 -> that are also good in sustainability and
396.4 -> this equation is is really wide open
398.24 -> right now
402.08 -> we are in a race to develop fuels
405.6 -> the race isn't with other countries the
407.919 -> race is against time
412.02 -> [Music]
417.84 -> to meet the immediate and future demands
420.479 -> we made the energy solution spring from
422.4 -> the ground
423.43 -> [Music]
428.8 -> brazil is the most efficient ethanol
431.199 -> producing country in the world
433.28 -> sugarcane alcohol from brazil can reduce
436.4 -> the total carbon footprint by up to 70
439.52 -> percent compared with the gasoline
444.02 -> [Music]
448.639 -> the biggest challenge for fuel providers
451.12 -> and car manufacturers is to reduce co2
453.599 -> emissions over the next 20 years
457.68 -> demand for mobility will continue to
460.24 -> grow we believe that biofuels are very
463.599 -> important
464.639 -> because they help in an immediate way
467.68 -> all forms of fuel are going to be needed
470.319 -> hydrocarbons natural gas biofuels all of
473.84 -> them are going to be part of the energy
476.479 -> for the future of transportation
482.75 -> [Music]
495.28 -> brazil has been very successful at
497.44 -> taking a resource they had
499.199 -> and finding the process to make that
502.08 -> into ethanol and people call those first
504.72 -> generation biofuels
507.36 -> we have lots of lab work around the
508.879 -> world that are looking at the second
510.479 -> generation that's generally turning
512.32 -> cellulosic material from for example
514.64 -> weeds
515.599 -> into biofuels
517.68 -> and the united states is very much at
519.839 -> the forefront of the innovation part of
521.36 -> the equation
522.23 -> [Music]
527.519 -> for centuries we have been using yeast
530.399 -> to consume glucose and produce wine and
533.36 -> beer we're trying to do something very
536 -> similar only we're engineering the yeast
538.56 -> to consume that glucose and turn it into
541.44 -> a fuel or a drug or chemical
544.48 -> we call this synthetic biology and when
547.04 -> i started in this area many of my
548.72 -> colleagues said oh jay this is great
550.24 -> work
551.12 -> but where's the application what are you
552.56 -> going to do with these tools who cares
556.8 -> malaria is an enormous problem in any
559.36 -> one year a million or so people die of
562.16 -> the disease and most of them are
563.2 -> children under the age of five so we
565.519 -> thought this was a great opportunity to
568.08 -> engineer yeast to produce an
569.92 -> anti-malarial drug called artemisinin
573.36 -> this drug is derived from plants right
576.64 -> now but it's too expensive for people in
578.16 -> the developing world so my laboratory
581.04 -> engineered yeast to produce small
583.2 -> quantities of artemisinin now that
585.279 -> process is being scaled up and we'll
587.04 -> have this drug on the market shortly but
589.2 -> at a substantially reduced cost
593.12 -> it turns out that anti-malarial drug is
595.12 -> a hydrocarbon and it's very similar in
598.399 -> many ways to diesel fuel
602 -> we thought gosh we can turn our
603.279 -> attention now to fuels we could make a
605.519 -> few changes in that microbe to turn it
608 -> into a fuel-producing microbe
611.12 -> if we imagine that glucose is going to
613.839 -> be our new petroleum we need a source
616.16 -> for that glucose so the crops that we're
618 -> looking at are crops like switchgrass
620.959 -> this is a native grass that grows
622.8 -> without a lot of water and on marginal
625.279 -> lands but we could turn into energy
627.839 -> farms
629.2 -> the challenge though is that unlike
631.36 -> sugarcane it's very difficult to get the
633.6 -> sugar out of that biomass
635.68 -> so we use what we call a pre-treatment
637.6 -> process to extract the glucose from the
640.32 -> plant and then we feed that glucose
642.72 -> to a yeast that we've engineered to
644.72 -> produce hydrocarbons and that yeast
646.8 -> takes in the sugar
648.48 -> and it changes its composition and gives
651.36 -> us this high energy molecule
655.519 -> they float to the top you skim them off
657.44 -> you put them in your tank
664.88 -> but it takes a lot of work to get from
667.04 -> that small test tube all the way up into
669.76 -> the million gallon tank so we have to
671.44 -> give it time but i think that some of
673.2 -> the discoveries that are happening might
674.64 -> be applied by the end of the decade
676.75 -> [Music]
682 -> in terms of a sustainable equation for
684.079 -> the planet the role of biofuels is quite
688.16 -> tricky there are a variety of crops that
691.279 -> do not compete directly with food and
693.839 -> finding ways to utilize those types of
696.48 -> crops first that's very attractive so
699.12 -> solving the science is part of the story
701.36 -> but then evaluating all of these new
703.6 -> fuels in terms of the land use impacts
706.64 -> that they could have that is an even
709.6 -> harder story than doing the good science
713.12 -> imagine that you could have one process
715.92 -> that could take in sunlight and carbon
717.92 -> dioxide and turn it into fuel
720.56 -> and imagine if that didn't involve
722.32 -> growing anything at all
725.45 -> [Music]
727.12 -> the synthetic biologists are trying to
729.6 -> take plants and make them do things that
732.48 -> they wouldn't normally do
734.639 -> on the other hand materials chemists
737.2 -> like myself want to do artificial
739.839 -> photosynthesis
741.6 -> to improve on the process that nature
744.48 -> does in real photosynthesis
747.09 -> [Music]
758.56 -> we should follow the blueprint of plants
760.88 -> converting sunlight into fuel but take
763.92 -> the approach that it could be much
766.639 -> simpler all we really need is a light
769.36 -> absorber that absorbs sunlight we also
772.72 -> need a catalyst like iron or nickel
776.32 -> so when you see the hydrogen coming off
778.399 -> of a photoactive material that's an
781.279 -> example of a semiconductor breaking the
784.079 -> chemical bonds of water to make hydrogen
787.04 -> and oxygen ultimately our pieces are
790.079 -> going to be contained in something that
792.72 -> is easy to roll out like bubble wrap or
796.079 -> in would come sunlight and water
798.48 -> you would vent the oxygen to the air but
800.8 -> the bottom would wick out your liquid or
803.12 -> gaseous fuel that then you could collect
806 -> and use for our cars and planes and
808.8 -> storage
811.78 -> [Music]
820.639 -> our goal is within two years to have the
823.519 -> first
824.399 -> artificial photosynthesis a solar fuels
826.639 -> generator that we can hold in our hands
829.6 -> and then get to scale beyond that time
834.48 -> we're certainly not good at predicting
836.079 -> the future but to me electric vehicles
838.32 -> look like a sustainable option we've
840.079 -> heard proposals about things as far
842 -> fetched as nuclear power planes and even
844.48 -> some proposals to move freight around
846.56 -> with lighter than air vehicles and so if
849.199 -> the future in 2050 does include a fair
851.199 -> amount of oil what it means would be
853.44 -> that we haven't deployed
855.44 -> as many of these clean technologies as
858.16 -> we already know are possible
861.44 -> if you think about how long it's taken
863.68 -> for us to build up the petroleum
865.68 -> industry we can't hope to reverse that
868.24 -> overnight it's huge change in our
870.72 -> infrastructure yes we should have been
872.639 -> working on it 30 years ago
874.959 -> we didn't we're trying to make up for
876.72 -> that and that means basic research needs
878.959 -> to be done now and by as many people as
881.44 -> possible
883.36 -> we have a long way to go but i'm
885.44 -> confident that we'll get there
894 -> in the future 3d maps are going to help
896.399 -> people get places more efficiently
899.55 -> [Music]
906.8 -> as we just saw the race to produce
908.56 -> cleaner energy is charging ahead in the
910.8 -> meantime demand for cars continues to
912.88 -> climb
913.76 -> by 2050 it's predicted there'll be two
916 -> billion cars on the planet and fuel
918.079 -> consumption will have tripled to keep
920 -> pace we'll have to radically change the
921.6 -> way we drive
923.12 -> here's our next story driven by design
931.92 -> the automobile came around
933.759 -> in many ways it was the future we
935.6 -> thought of it as one of the more
937.04 -> positive changes that had happened to
938.88 -> society suddenly our ability to get a
941.36 -> job changed
942.72 -> we can live further away with bigger
944.32 -> plots of land with better quality of
946.24 -> living it all looked quite good
949.6 -> but there are limitations to swearing by
952.399 -> the car if it gets congested your
955.12 -> quality of life drops immediately to
956.959 -> spend so long in the car
959.519 -> it's very inefficient use of fuel
961.279 -> consumption
962.639 -> things start making sense all of a
964.079 -> sudden it doesn't bring you closer to
965.92 -> where you want to get it actually
968.079 -> sometimes brings you farther
970 -> the average american spends nearly 300
972.32 -> hours a year in their car
974.48 -> 38 of them stuck in traffic
977.519 -> annually congestion consumes over 1
980.48 -> billion in gasoline in the united states
982.88 -> alone
984.56 -> the inefficiency caused by traffic both
987.04 -> financial and personal is enormous
989.69 -> [Music]
993.44 -> dirk sheen and carmen white's story is
995.759 -> not that unusual today
999.12 -> dirk works an hour and a half away in
1001.04 -> warrenville illinois
1003.279 -> generally he wouldn't leave work until 6
1005.36 -> or 6 30 and i would say a usual time for
1007.759 -> him to get home is around 8.
1013.759 -> usually when i wake up i'm the only one
1015.12 -> up
1016 -> sometimes the kids wake up with my
1017.92 -> routine more often than not i don't see
1020.88 -> them in the morning
1022.959 -> i think about my commute when i wake up
1025.36 -> i check the traffic report see if
1027.039 -> there's any delays
1028.72 -> the worst case scenario it takes me two
1030.4 -> hours to get to work
1032.64 -> we are already so limited in the amount
1035.199 -> of time he can spend with the
1036.839 -> kids and our expenses are crazy high
1040.88 -> we are spending 400 bucks a month on gas
1043.76 -> it takes away from our food budget
1046 -> and we never paid for gas like that
1048.079 -> before ever
1049.679 -> there's technology that would allow me
1051.44 -> to spend less time in the car spend less
1053.44 -> money on gas
1054.88 -> and spend more time at home
1057.039 -> i'd be all for that
1061.679 -> the cost of traffic is people's time
1063.919 -> it's fuel wasted it's an emotional toll
1066.799 -> it's a frustration
1068.64 -> utilizing the roads more intelligently
1071.2 -> is a much more efficient approach to the
1073.52 -> inability to have supply keep up with
1076.32 -> traffic demand
1079.44 -> if you took a satellite picture of the
1081.44 -> highway you can see that there's
1083.6 -> actually a lot of open space and
1085.44 -> if we had the technology for cars to
1087.76 -> drive more closely but safely then you
1090.64 -> could increase the utilization of the
1092 -> road
1092.84 -> network what this means is that to be
1095.28 -> more efficient to use less fuel we need
1098.08 -> to see the road differently
1100.799 -> we need cars that can navigate through
1102.64 -> the urban landscape in a radically
1104.64 -> different way
1110.72 -> maps in the future are going to be able
1112.799 -> to help people get places either more
1115.28 -> safely or more efficiently
1117.44 -> today just helps you get from point a to
1119.84 -> point b
1120.88 -> but what if i want to get someplace and
1123.76 -> use the least amount of fuel possible or
1126.16 -> if i've got a hybrid vehicle i want to
1128.32 -> make sure i've got plenty of charge not
1130.16 -> only get there but to get back home
1132.48 -> so information that is going to help
1134.24 -> people achieve the more efficient or the
1137.2 -> safer route is more detailed information
1139.679 -> about the road than a lot of people
1141.6 -> realize as possible to collect today
1144.72 -> here in chicago nokia's location and
1147.12 -> commerce unit is developing the next
1149.039 -> generation of mapping
1151.52 -> lidar sonar
1153.44 -> 360 degree video
1155.679 -> all are components of what nokia calls
1158.24 -> digital mapping
1161.039 -> we use 64 lasers that rotate and they
1164.16 -> collect data in a 3d way
1166.88 -> about the world it creates what we call
1168.64 -> a point cloud of information that point
1171.28 -> cloud allows us to measure distances
1173.919 -> then between the points that we collect
1177.039 -> that system combined with the cameras
1179.679 -> with higher precision location detection
1182.64 -> through inertial measurement units that
1184.88 -> whole data system allows us to collect
1187.039 -> 1.3 million points of data per second
1190.32 -> probably within two to three years
1192 -> you're going to see 3d maps that are
1193.679 -> going to integrate the traffic
1194.799 -> information into your routing to help
1196.72 -> you understand if i've got five
1198.16 -> different routes to take which one is
1199.679 -> the most efficient today given the way
1201.44 -> the stop lights are running given the
1202.799 -> way traffic is running all of those
1204.96 -> factors are going to be taken into
1206.48 -> consideration to make sure i've got the
1208.48 -> best route
1209.919 -> but better mapping that can integrate
1211.84 -> topography infrastructure and density is
1214.72 -> only part of the answer
1217.44 -> another key to improving transport
1219.2 -> efficiency
1220.559 -> is building cars that drive themselves
1224.799 -> autonomous vehicle technology
1227.12 -> has a tremendous potential to improve
1230.48 -> efficiency of our road infrastructure
1234.159 -> by removing humans from the equation we
1236.88 -> eliminate all the things we do wrong
1238.799 -> behind the wheel
1240.08 -> speeding changing lanes too often
1242.559 -> merging haphazardly
1244.96 -> and by marrying autonomous vehicles with
1247.28 -> sophisticated 3d maps we can make
1249.919 -> driving safer and more energy efficient
1252.79 -> [Music]
1255.76 -> that next generation vehicle is being
1258.08 -> built right now by the swedish trucking
1260.559 -> company scania
1265.2 -> the solution is to see it is that the
1267.44 -> vehicles can utilize intelligent maps
1270.4 -> three-dimensional maps with traffic
1272.32 -> information
1273.6 -> the vehicles will be intelligent and
1275.76 -> communicate with each other they will
1277.52 -> talk to each other they will talk to the
1279.039 -> infrastructure
1283.28 -> and we will see completely autonomous
1286.32 -> driven vehicles
1295.76 -> the goal was to have multiple robots and
1299.12 -> see if they could go 60 miles fully
1301.28 -> autonomously
1303.99 -> [Applause]
1309.76 -> my name's helen taylor my husband john
1312.159 -> and i we're very passionate about fuel
1314 -> economy
1319.2 -> yeah it's great to break world records
1320.88 -> but that's not the only end all now it's
1322.799 -> more important to educate people
1325.039 -> together we're showing drivers around
1327.039 -> the world simple techniques to improve
1329.52 -> their fuel efficiency
1331.2 -> we run these education programs get
1333.6 -> people on the road with us and we
1335.44 -> finally tweak their driving techniques
1338.48 -> things like just checking these tire
1339.84 -> pressures before you even get into your
1341.2 -> car for every one psi your tires are
1343.36 -> under inflated you're wasting three
1345.039 -> percent of your fuel efficiency and the
1347.28 -> difference between 65 and 75 miles per
1349.44 -> hour there's a saving of 23 percent
1352.88 -> when you talk to the general public
1354.4 -> they're very surprised that an energy
1356.32 -> company like shell is trying to educate
1358.4 -> people how to save money how to reduce
1360.4 -> co2 emissions and here we have shell
1362.96 -> sending us around the world to do that
1365.52 -> you always hope when you're on this
1366.88 -> planet that you can make a real
1368.08 -> difference in people's lives
1369.919 -> when you get emails from people saying
1371.52 -> i've saved this amount of money this
1372.72 -> year now i can put food on the table
1375.12 -> then you know you are really making a
1376.48 -> difference
1378.57 -> [Music]
1387.28 -> by displaying traffic density in the
1389.039 -> urban infrastructure in a revolutionary
1391.2 -> way
1392.08 -> 3d digital maps will help create a more
1394.799 -> fuel-efficient future
1397.12 -> but these technologies are limited by
1399.12 -> the drivers who sit behind the wheel
1401.84 -> some believe that for cars and trucks to
1403.919 -> be truly energy efficient they will need
1406.48 -> to drive themselves
1409.52 -> the technology is coming into play
1411.52 -> through sensors and
1413.28 -> capabilities for cars to drive
1415.76 -> autonomously
1418.24 -> in 2007 the united states department of
1421.12 -> defense held a competition to see if a
1423.52 -> completely autonomous self-driving
1425.76 -> vehicle was possible
1428.48 -> darpa stands for the defense advanced
1430.48 -> research projects agency
1432.88 -> they have a competition to develop
1434.64 -> self-driving robots that could drive
1436.4 -> themselves in traffic
1437.919 -> the goal was to have multiple robots
1441.279 -> turn them loose on a course and see if
1443.76 -> they could go 60 miles in six hours
1446.48 -> fully autonomously
1450 -> driving may be one of the most complex
1452.159 -> things we do every day
1454 -> drivers make dozens of decisions at any
1456.88 -> given moment
1458.88 -> one study found that drivers were
1460.64 -> exposed over 1300 items of information
1463.84 -> per minute
1465.679 -> we make so many decisions when we're
1467.84 -> driving without even thinking about it
1470.08 -> so in creating our vehicle a great
1473.039 -> component of the enterprise was
1474.32 -> developing software
1476 -> to handle lots of sensors
1478.48 -> feeding lots of data and generating a
1480.72 -> bunch of potential paths that the
1482 -> vehicle might follow
1483.6 -> and even though the robot doesn't have
1486.24 -> the ability to predict the future
1488.4 -> by using this fast random path
1491.2 -> generation the robot could anticipate a
1493.679 -> potential accident and choose a path to
1495.6 -> avoid it because it's always thinking
1497.919 -> about what things could the car do next
1504.88 -> no one expects millions of cars driving
1507.279 -> themselves anytime soon
1509.6 -> but there is a place where
1510.799 -> self-navigating technologies are being
1513.12 -> optimized to create the vehicle of the
1515.44 -> future
1517.679 -> beyond let's go on your test track
1519.36 -> outside stockholm
1520.799 -> where we have basically it looks like in
1522.559 -> highway but it's a separate test track
1524.64 -> where we conduct our own experiments
1527.2 -> scania the swedish trucking company has
1529.76 -> recently begun testing its next
1531.44 -> generation of long-haul truck
1534.32 -> utilizing radar sonar and intelligent
1537.2 -> mapping they've been able to drastically
1539.36 -> reduce fuel consumption
1543.2 -> we have this example with platooning
1545.36 -> where we
1546.559 -> make use of the reduction in in air
1549.44 -> resistance or air drag that you get from
1551.6 -> driving close to each other with heavy
1553.52 -> duty vehicles
1556.08 -> and in order to control this you need to
1557.919 -> know where the other vehicles are where
1560.08 -> their position their velocity their
1562 -> actions in the near future
1564.24 -> and to be very close to the vehicle
1566.48 -> ahead of you
1567.679 -> requires that you have very accurate
1569.679 -> control
1570.96 -> if you look at robotics broadly there's
1572.64 -> a wonderful set of research on people
1574.559 -> looking at schooling of fish and
1576.72 -> and trying to develop the ability for
1578.32 -> robots to work together like that so
1580.48 -> they're wonderful examples from nature
1582.159 -> of how cooperation can lead to more
1584.32 -> efficient resource utilization
1586.72 -> you can see it when people are competing
1589.12 -> in tourists
1590.559 -> they platoon to reduce air drag
1594.32 -> they are not bicycling behind each other
1597.12 -> that close but because it's fun
1599.919 -> or because they are racing
1602 -> it is because they are reducing air drag
1604.799 -> sitting behind the
1606.4 -> man who is leading
1608.64 -> a truck traveling 55 miles per hour
1611.44 -> expends half its energy just to move the
1614 -> air around it at 65 miles per hour that
1617.76 -> number jumps to almost two-thirds
1620.4 -> even if platooning can reduce the energy
1622.88 -> used by 10 percent the savings would be
1626 -> substantial
1629.12 -> if a vehicle in front of another vehicle
1631.679 -> wants to break it immediately sends out
1634.559 -> the brake message to the
1636.96 -> other vehicles so they actually break at
1639.44 -> the same time
1642.399 -> the way we do this is by we have an
1645.039 -> automated system so now for instance if
1647.2 -> i take my feet off the acceleration
1648.64 -> pedal and turn the system on the
1651.039 -> velocity is automatically governed by
1653.44 -> getting information from the vehicle
1654.88 -> ahead through its wireless system
1657.6 -> we want these vehicles to maintain a
1659.52 -> short relative distance
1661.84 -> so through this system we can reduce the
1663.76 -> fuel consumption
1665.12 -> by utilizing the air drag reduction by
1667.039 -> 10 percent
1668.48 -> and 10 would mean he will be able to
1670.799 -> save approximately 8 000 euros per
1673.679 -> single heavy-duty vehicle per year
1676.3 -> [Music]
1683.84 -> it may be some time before autonomous
1686.08 -> vehicles make up the majority of cars on
1688.559 -> america's highways
1690.799 -> nevertheless
1692.159 -> some of these technologies are already
1694.399 -> making their way into our lives
1697.36 -> now this polar baby wants to sleep
1699.679 -> do you get to pick up books every day or
1701.12 -> is it just something new you get to
1702.88 -> pick out books sometimes okay
1706.08 -> when we look toward the future
1708.24 -> the systems will absolutely make it
1710.159 -> safer and more efficient and less costly
1712.399 -> for you and also make your life easier
1715.039 -> because you're spending less time on the
1716.399 -> roads
1717.36 -> the city begins to talk begins to tell
1719.279 -> you where is their congestion what's
1721.039 -> going on in different areas of town
1723.12 -> suddenly the car becomes a part of a
1725.76 -> much bigger ecosystem
1727.679 -> we can look at how cars interact with
1729.279 -> other cars how car interacts with
1730.64 -> infrastructure and us the drivers
1733.44 -> can start to make smart decisions about
1735.279 -> how to move around
1737.12 -> suddenly mobility becomes a whole other
1739.279 -> thing
1743.12 -> no matter how much money they have no
1744.799 -> matter how much oil they have everybody
1746.96 -> has to go in a different direction
1752.52 -> [Music]
1756.96 -> we've seen that changing the way we
1758.32 -> drive can improve transportation
1760 -> efficiencies
1761.2 -> but what if we change the way we build
1762.96 -> and live in our cities that's the
1764.72 -> subject of our next story searching for
1766.799 -> utopia we'll travel to the united arab
1769.12 -> emirates and discover a city rising out
1771.039 -> of the desert
1772.32 -> let's take a look
1774.74 -> [Music]
1777.12 -> from the beginning we've dreamed of
1779.039 -> utopia
1781.12 -> a place where we could live in harmony
1783.2 -> with each other and in balance with
1785.44 -> nature
1788.799 -> many have imagined it
1791.36 -> tried to design it
1794 -> but the dream always slipped away
1796.38 -> [Music]
1804.799 -> then i heard they were building a new
1806.64 -> city called mazdar
1808.96 -> near abu dhabi in the arabian desert
1813.679 -> it sounded like an unlikely place for
1815.44 -> utopia and i wanted to see it
1820.62 -> [Music]
1828.96 -> the last half century has been a pretty
1831.6 -> bad time for the making of cities mostly
1837.44 -> the natural tendency has been to
1839.6 -> accommodate to the automobile more than
1841.76 -> anything else
1843.919 -> try walking around abu dhabi
1847.679 -> it's impossible you have to take a car
1849.44 -> everywhere
1851.44 -> dubai the same thing
1855.279 -> they are among the least pedestrian
1857.36 -> friendly places in the world
1859.919 -> they are not green by any other measure
1862.24 -> either
1863.86 -> [Music]
1865.039 -> and these are not easy things to fix
1867.51 -> [Music]
1869.76 -> mazdar is still under construction and
1871.919 -> it doesn't look like much from the
1873.12 -> highway
1874.08 -> but they claim it's going to redefine
1875.679 -> the way cities are designed built and
1878 -> powered
1881.44 -> mazda city in abu dhabi will be the city
1884.72 -> of the future and the role model for the
1887.6 -> world
1889.919 -> once you see what they've envisioned for
1891.44 -> this utopian city it's very impressive
1894.48 -> it's carbon neutral pedestrian friendly
1896.72 -> and powered by renewable energies
1899.6 -> but i do notice we're going to have to
1901.76 -> change our relationship with
1904.84 -> cars welcome to monster city
1911.679 -> we are driving in the in the bowels of
1914.48 -> masdar city in an electric
1916.08 -> transportation system
1920.96 -> slightly unnerving to seeing this for
1922.64 -> the first time and where are we going
1927.2 -> the first big move the architects at
1929.279 -> foster and partners made
1931.12 -> was to put all transportation underneath
1933.36 -> the city
1935.12 -> leaving the streets of masdar totally
1937.36 -> free of cars
1939.84 -> the place reminded me of a medieval city
1942.799 -> and actually many design elements are
1944.96 -> adapted from ancient arabic towns and
1947.279 -> villages
1949.2 -> it's all about looking back into history
1950.88 -> to move forward
1952.72 -> there's some very very simple ideas that
1954.72 -> have a huge impact
1956.88 -> this is a pedestrian zone there's no
1958.559 -> cars here this and this has enabled us
1960.72 -> to push our streets together to take the
1962.399 -> advantage of the shade
1964.72 -> channel the cooling breezes through
1967.84 -> the whole scale here is based on the
1969.679 -> human being it's not based on the motor
1971.76 -> car
1973.679 -> as soon as you lift up the pedestrian
1975.76 -> plane by seven meters you've suddenly
1977.919 -> captured this breeze
1979.53 -> [Music]
1982.32 -> what you can see here in the balcony is
1983.919 -> we've got a modern interpretation of an
1986.159 -> ancient arabic screen
1988.88 -> what we must avoid
1990.399 -> is direct sunlight hitting any piece of
1992.48 -> glass
1994.159 -> as soon as the sun hits the glass the
1996.08 -> heat's transferred into the building and
1998.08 -> we have to use more energy to cool it
1999.76 -> down
2000.64 -> can this really make all that much of a
2001.84 -> difference yeah absolutely for example
2004.559 -> downtown abu dhabi
2006.559 -> 60 meter wide street black asphalt
2009.84 -> mirrored reflective buildings
2012.32 -> no relief from the sun
2015.279 -> holiday in september the air temperature
2017.919 -> in both places was 39 degrees
2021.84 -> in abu dhabi
2023.519 -> the temperature
2025.12 -> measured at the asphalt was 57 degrees
2030.08 -> in masdar the temperature measured
2033.6 -> on the ground 33 degrees so we've
2036.159 -> actually lowered the air temperature
2039.6 -> we're trying to do as much as possible
2041.44 -> with as little as possible
2044 -> these simple design moves cut air
2046 -> conditioning needs by 60 percent
2049.119 -> but this place is also technically very
2051.2 -> sophisticated
2053.2 -> the roof panels not only provide shade
2055.839 -> they also generate electricity
2058.24 -> and the walls themselves are made of
2060.079 -> glass reinforced concrete
2062.24 -> literally sand taken from the desert
2065.44 -> everything here is geared towards
2067.119 -> maximizing energy efficiency
2070.879 -> nasdar does represent a whole different
2073.04 -> value system
2075.76 -> it represents an acknowledgement that
2079.599 -> eventually
2080.8 -> everybody has to go in a different kind
2082.48 -> of direction no matter how much money
2084.639 -> they have no matter how much oil they
2086.079 -> have no matter anything else
2089.44 -> all of the cities here in this part of
2091.44 -> the world have come out of nowhere
2094.56 -> there was nothing here not so long ago
2097.04 -> except small settlements in the desert
2100.96 -> and then all of this oil and all this
2103.119 -> money and suddenly you know wham
2105.76 -> these cities started
2107.44 -> popping up
2109.2 -> but they sprung up in a false love of a
2112.4 -> western model that was already out of
2115.119 -> date
2116.96 -> the motto of the late 20th century
2119.2 -> automobile-based
2121.24 -> energy-hogging city
2135.119 -> for most of the world energy is very
2137.52 -> expensive
2140.96 -> but the united arab emirates is sitting
2143.119 -> on 10
2144.24 -> of the world's oil
2146.88 -> and energy is cheap
2149.839 -> sochi you can run a ski slope in a
2152.24 -> shopping mall
2154.64 -> and build the world's tallest skyscraper
2159.599 -> but even here cheap energy won't last
2161.92 -> forever
2163.04 -> and the people behind masdar are
2164.88 -> determined to find alternatives
2170.12 -> [Music]
2180 -> one of the most crucial aspects of our
2181.76 -> energy modeling and scenario
2183.52 -> quantification is how much energy in
2185.76 -> total is the world going to use in 2050
2189.46 -> [Music]
2194.32 -> the scenarios team is a bunch of people
2196.48 -> with rich imagination i would say we
2198.32 -> have political scientists economists
2200.24 -> geopolitical experts really we try to
2203.2 -> simplify the complexity all around us
2206.8 -> we in the scenarios team are currently
2208.56 -> putting a lot of attention into
2211.2 -> cities and city development
2213.41 -> [Music]
2217.76 -> a lot of mega cities are going to be
2219.92 -> built in the coming decades we're
2221.92 -> talking about the equivalent of a new
2224.24 -> city of a million people
2226.8 -> every week that is an incredible demand
2230.64 -> most of the world's resources are
2232.48 -> consumed by the cities
2235.2 -> what if we could offer a blueprint for a
2237.359 -> better city public transportation
2239.599 -> information
2240.839 -> energy we understand demand will rise we
2244.079 -> understand that current supplies will
2245.92 -> struggle to keep pace
2247.52 -> so we have to of course find ways of
2249.599 -> bridging the gap between the demand and
2251.68 -> the supply
2253.76 -> decisions that we take now are going to
2256.56 -> have a major impact on decades to come
2259.44 -> [Music]
2268.32 -> there's enough oil under these sands to
2270.56 -> last 150 years
2273.119 -> but fundamental to the mazda ideal is
2275.839 -> getting energy from renewable sources
2278.4 -> from geothermal and wind
2280.48 -> and most of all from a source they have
2282.64 -> in abundance in the desert
2284.72 -> the sun
2285.24 -> [Music]
2292.079 -> this field of solar panels makes more
2294.32 -> than enough electricity to run master
2296.96 -> and the excess power is sent to the abu
2298.96 -> dhabi grid
2303.04 -> but silicon panels are expensive and the
2305.599 -> price of solar power needs to drop if
2308.16 -> it's going to be competitive from africa
2310.56 -> to asia
2311.76 -> to arizona
2319.68 -> in the future
2321.04 -> mazdar hopes to get energy from this
2322.96 -> prototype called the solar beam down
2326.32 -> [Music]
2327.76 -> using highly reflective mirrors the
2329.76 -> solar beam down may generate power more
2332.16 -> cheaply and ecologically than silicon
2334.56 -> panels
2337.09 -> [Music]
2341.2 -> the mirrors bounce the sun's rays up to
2343.599 -> the tower
2344.22 -> [Music]
2346.64 -> and then down to a point
2351.2 -> reaching a temperature of 600 degrees
2353.92 -> steam can be generated to run turbines
2356.88 -> to make electricity
2359.05 -> [Music]
2360.64 -> there's just one problem
2362.8 -> neither of these solar technologies work
2364.64 -> at night
2366.079 -> so mazda needs to draw power from the
2368.16 -> grid when the sun goes down
2370.64 -> and that power comes from natural gas
2375.04 -> the reality is it's just not yet
2376.96 -> possible to power mass star entirely
2379.44 -> without fossil fuels
2386.32 -> the great challenge with masdar
2389.2 -> will be how do you make it a place that
2392.56 -> will not be
2394.16 -> just this ideal city that no other place
2397.04 -> could actually aspire to because it
2398.72 -> doesn't seem real
2400.27 -> [Music]
2403.76 -> what mazdar has to be is a laboratory
2407.44 -> that develops things that then can be
2410.24 -> applied in existing cities all around
2412.64 -> the world because that's where it will
2415.599 -> pay off
2416.8 -> there's no payoff if it's just about
2418.88 -> itself
2420.56 -> the payoff is how can everything it's
2423.2 -> trying to do
2424.64 -> matter in the rest of the world
2428.42 -> [Music]
2430.48 -> right now there's only a store two
2432.56 -> restaurants a bank and a few hundred
2434.88 -> students living here
2436.96 -> it's too early to tell if masdar will
2438.96 -> work as a city when it's finished
2441.359 -> but much has been achieved
2443.44 -> they are carbon neutral and largely
2445.44 -> powered by renewable energies
2447.92 -> solutions here won't work everywhere
2449.68 -> though
2450.8 -> many cities are in cold climates and
2452.56 -> cooling is not their energy problem
2455.28 -> they need to let sunlight in not keep it
2457.28 -> out
2457.81 -> [Music]
2459.2 -> cities like los angeles or houston are
2461.599 -> built around cars
2463.839 -> can masdar's lessons be applied to them
2467.119 -> still it's a step in the right direction
2469.76 -> and it's impressive that this step is
2471.599 -> being taken by a country that doesn't
2473.359 -> need to take it
2476.56 -> i met a guy who said actually they did
2478.88 -> need to take it
2480.48 -> he took me to the desert to explain
2486.64 -> god says
2492.16 -> god talks about man's place in in the
2494.8 -> universe
2496.48 -> that this world is a trust
2499.359 -> and uh
2500.48 -> god offered this trust to the mountains
2502.8 -> to the heavens to uh to the land to
2505.76 -> earth
2506.64 -> and all
2507.68 -> and all refused it refused to take
2510.4 -> this trust
2512 -> but man being you know adventurous
2515.52 -> a bit vain maybe too ambitious
2518.079 -> being banned
2519.28 -> accepted it now accepting it
2522.4 -> there is a responsibility
2531.359 -> taking responsibility isn't always easy
2536.64 -> utopia
2538 -> may be unattainable
2539.68 -> but we must reach for it
2543.68 -> and mazdar does give us a clue to what
2546.079 -> cities will be like in the
2548.839 -> future they may not look quite like
2551.119 -> mastar
2553.04 -> but they will be shaped by the same
2554.56 -> concerns
2556.079 -> by energy
2557.44 -> where it comes from
2559.119 -> and how it's used
2560 -> [Music]
2562.64 -> the way we've been building cities
2564.319 -> lately
2565.359 -> is
2566.4 -> unsustainable
2568.079 -> we can't go on building them that way
2571.839 -> but to say that we can't build cities
2574.56 -> the way we have been building them
2577.04 -> doesn't mean we can't build cities in
2578.8 -> the future
2580.319 -> in fact we have to build cities cities
2582.16 -> are the essential statement of human
2585.119 -> civilization
2587.28 -> so we will continue to make them
2590.96 -> but we have to make them in a different
2592.88 -> way
2600.24 -> what we've seen is that the world of
2601.68 -> 2050 won't look drastically different
2603.76 -> from the world today but the challenges
2606 -> of a growing population and increased
2607.839 -> energy use demand real solutions
2610.64 -> it's innovations like those we've just
2612.4 -> seen that will be critical in charting
2614.319 -> our path to the world of 2050.
2622.4 -> you
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_1oiJqE3OI