How to Use TO & FOR ⚡️English Prepositions | Common Grammar Mistakes

How to Use TO & FOR ⚡️English Prepositions | Common Grammar Mistakes

How to Use TO & FOR ⚡️English Prepositions | Common Grammar Mistakes

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Content

0.28 -> Well hey there! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
4.36 -> Welcome to my channel!
6.1 -> Notice that I said "Welcome to my channel"?
9.16 -> Not "Welcome for my channel"
11.68 -> You're probably here for learning English, right?
16.28 -> To learn English, right?
19.6 -> Man, those little words 'to' and 'for', they're so tiny
24.08 -> but when they're used as prepositions in English
26.26 -> sentences, grammar can get quite confusing!
29.66 -> Can't it?
31.68 -> I'm sure that you've been confused by these words
34.18 -> at some point.
36.12 -> So in this lesson,
37.26 -> I'll go over them in a little detail
40.38 -> so that you can feel more confident using them
42.98 -> while you write, while you speak in English.
55.34 -> Prepositions in general are pretty easy to confuse.
59.98 -> For some of you, part of the problem is that
62.54 -> with these prepositions, you're thinking about
65.08 -> the way that you use them in your own language
68.2 -> not how they're used in English and it can be different.
72.44 -> For example,
73.52 -> Spanish and Portuguese speakers often use
76.28 -> the preposition 'en'
78.54 -> where in English we use both 'on' and 'in'.
82.66 -> Two separate words with very different uses in English.
86.6 -> So part of the challenge when you're learning is
90.1 -> understanding how to use them separately in English
93.48 -> and what the difference is, when to use one or the other.
97.34 -> Some languages don't really rely on prepositions
99.9 -> much at all. I mean sometimes English prepositions
103.8 -> don't have a lot of logic to them. They don't always
107.24 -> make sense. And for all of these reasons,
111.14 -> English prepositions must be learned and practised
114.72 -> in context with other words.
117.54 -> So we won't focus too much on each individual
120.8 -> preposition in this lesson.
122.8 -> We'll look at words that they're often used with.
127.12 -> And just before we get started, you might be interested
130.44 -> in some of the other lessons that I've made
132.38 -> about prepositions. My playlist's up there.
135.92 -> I've made lessons about in, on, at, by.
138.88 -> Lots of other prepositions.
141.16 -> But back to these two prepositions
143.8 -> we're talking about today.
145.98 -> Sometimes, using the wrong preposition doesn't affect
150.14 -> the meaning of your sentence too much.
152.96 -> Native speakers will recognise the mistake,
155.48 -> but they probably won't correct you on it because
158.28 -> they'll still understand you.
160.46 -> But with these two prepositions, they can often be used
164.14 -> in place of each other and sometimes,
166.94 -> the meaning completely changes.
169.76 -> So here's what I'm going to do in this lesson.
172.78 -> I'm going to talk about the uses of 'to'.
177.02 -> I'm going to talk about the uses of 'for'.
179.34 -> And then I'm going to talk about the times
181.66 -> when you could use either 'to' or 'for'.
185.52 -> And that's where things get a little confusing!
188.52 -> Make sure you stick around until the end of the lesson
192.08 -> because later on, I'm going to teach you some common
194.72 -> word collocations using 'to' and 'for'
198.24 -> so you can stop guessing which one you need to use
201.24 -> and just know which is the right one.
204.56 -> And before we get started, make sure you subscribe
207.9 -> to the channel just by clicking that red button
210.18 -> down there so that you can keep up-to-date
212.5 -> with what's happening.
214.1 -> Okay, let's start!
215.22 -> When should you use the preposition 'to'?
219.12 -> So, you can use 'to' when there is some kind of
222.62 -> movement from one place to another.
225.9 -> Now keep in mind, this doesn't only relate to
231.18 -> physical movement and action.
233.54 -> It could also relate to other types of movement.
236.46 -> We can use 'to' when there's some kind of transfer
239.86 -> happening or something is being moved
242.58 -> from one place to another - a destination.
245.72 -> Something is being moved to somewhere or something.
250.68 -> Right?
254.96 -> So there's movement, of course,
257.76 -> in the direction to work. The destination is work.
262.22 -> Now I'm going to give you a few other examples
265.12 -> and I want you to pay attention to the destination
268.32 -> or the direction being described in each one.
287.98 -> Now if you're talking about distance,
290.2 -> you should also use 'to',
292.14 -> since distance is the length or the time
296.04 -> from one place to another - to a destination.
304.92 -> Now we also use 'to' when we're talking about
308.62 -> time and the amount of time between two points in time
314.78 -> Of course, we use it when telling the time, right?
323.72 -> When we're talking about one point in time
326.68 -> to another point in time, we can also use 'to'
340.7 -> From this time to that time.
342.86 -> So this is a period from this time to that time.
347.34 -> That's the direction, that's the movement.
349.62 -> Now if there are two things and you'd like
352.76 -> one of those things a little more than the other,
355.4 -> you prefer it, right?
357.56 -> You prefer one thing to the other.
366.86 -> I like chocolate ice cream more than vanilla.
369.54 -> It's way better obviously!
371.84 -> And I would rather have chocolate ice cream.
383.54 -> Not me! I love coffee!
387.36 -> Okay, what about you now? I want you to
389.78 -> tell me about some of your preferences
392.54 -> in the comments below.
393.9 -> So make sure you're comparing two things
396.58 -> and that you're using the preposition 'to'.
400.18 -> I prefer summer to winter, for example.
403.58 -> Add it to the comments.
405.62 -> Now, we can also use 'to' to talk about the point
409.52 -> where something finishes or ends.
411.88 -> It's the limit that you can't go past.
420.82 -> So in this situation, talking about limits,
423.8 -> you may also hear the phrasal verb 'up to'
427.22 -> The water came up to my knees.
433.46 -> during the high season.
435.4 -> Okay I want to check you've been paying attention.
439.02 -> Okay? Time for a quick quiz.
441.98 -> What are the four different situations where
445.8 -> we commonly see the preposition 'to' being used?
449.62 -> The four situations that I just talked about.
453.1 -> Write them in the comments.
454.48 -> Quickly! You've got ten seconds!
465.12 -> Direction or destination.
468.16 -> Time.
469.44 -> The time between two points.
472.32 -> Preference.
473.92 -> And the limit or the endpoint of something.
478.58 -> Right?
479.62 -> Nice!
481.08 -> Let's check out what 'for' is used for now.
484.64 -> So we can talk about benefits using 'for'.
489.42 -> The positive effects or results of something.
493.54 -> So we can use 'for'.
495.78 -> For example, one of the benefits of eating ginger
499.94 -> is that it helps your immune system.
503.3 -> So..
513.24 -> Right? That's a benefit.
515.62 -> We also use 'for' to talk about time.
518.94 -> We use it when we're doing something over a
521.72 -> period of time.
523.44 -> So when something has happened for a number of
526.46 -> hours, days, weeks, months, years..
530.62 -> you get the idea, right?
532.74 -> We do something for a duration,
536.98 -> a period of time.
553.74 -> Wait a second.
555.86 -> Notice how all of those examples are using
558.42 -> the perfect tense?
560.7 -> 'For' is often used when talking about time in this way.
566.06 -> You can actually check the lesson that I made about
569.34 -> the present perfect tense and using 'for' and 'since'
573.24 -> right here.
574.94 -> I'll link to it at the end of this lesson as well
577.36 -> so you can keep watching this one now.
579.68 -> If you do something to help someone out
581.98 -> or do something nice,
583.98 -> then you are doing something for them.
599.44 -> You'll see from these examples that
602.2 -> this is an important one to know
603.98 -> so that you can ask someone for a favour.
607.36 -> "Can you please do something for me?"
609.6 -> This is a helpful phrase, right? A helpful one to know.
612.86 -> It's a really common expression.
614.92 -> Can you help me? Can you do something for me?
618.92 -> What's this thing's purpose?
621.7 -> What's its function?
624.34 -> What's it used for?
627.9 -> Well it's used for drinking and filling up with water.
635.38 -> Remember that we use 'for' when we're talking about
638.3 -> a function or a use.
640.42 -> We use the form 'for' plus verb -ing
648.12 -> It's used for drinking.
651.38 -> It's used for taking.
653.94 -> It's used for driving.
665.46 -> So notice how the verb -ing form
668.22 -> is always following 'for'.
671.18 -> Okay things are about to get a little trickier
674.4 -> during this lesson
675.88 -> but before we do, I want to check that you've been
678.6 -> paying attention again.
679.96 -> We're going to recap on the different uses of 'for'.
684.08 -> Can you remember them all?
685.62 -> Write them down in the comments quickly.
688.26 -> You've got ten seconds!
698.72 -> We talked about the benefits, the duration
702 -> or a period of time.
703.92 -> We talked about helping someone and we talked about
707.9 -> the function and the use of something, right?
712.06 -> So all of those situations were ones where you can use
715.58 -> 'to' or 'for. It's not a complete list.
718.96 -> There are some other uses as well but they are
722.02 -> definitely the most common ones.
724.78 -> Now another very common use for these prepositions
728.82 -> is one where both of them can be used,
732.06 -> both 'to' and 'for' can be used
735.3 -> which is where things get a little trickier.
738.48 -> You can use both 'to' and 'for'
740.82 -> to talk about a reason or a motive.
744.14 -> So that is to talk about why
746.34 -> someone is doing something,
748.14 -> for what reason are they doing it?
750.8 -> But in this case, they are not interchangeable.
754.22 -> You can't use either one in the same way
757.76 -> but luckily, luckily there are some simple rules
761.56 -> to remember that will help you to use them correctly.
764.96 -> Use 'to' when the motive or the reason is a verb
768.88 -> and use 'for' when the motive or a reason is a noun.
773.82 -> Make sure you write that down, that's a super tip!
777.4 -> Let's check it out.
785.88 -> 'apply' is a verb
788.18 -> so we use 'to'.
794.2 -> Now 'work' here is a noun so we use 'for'.
798.68 -> So you've seen lots of common situations
801.02 -> where we can use 'to' and 'for'
803.16 -> but now let's look at a few examples where
807.24 -> you can use 'to' or 'for'.
810.16 -> Both of them can be used correctly
812.92 -> but the meaning of each sentence changes
817.62 -> so this is where you have to be a little careful, okay?
824.62 -> Okay now remember, 'to' is used to talk about
828.24 -> destination or direction,
830.92 -> where there's movement involved.
833.66 -> So in this example, 'lunch' is coming to me.
837.42 -> I'm the destination for lunch.
840.48 -> My assistant physically carried the lunch
843.32 -> and delivered it to me.
846.26 -> Now
851 -> So remember, 'for' is used to do something nice
854.9 -> for someone, right? Or to help someone with something.
858.48 -> My boss brought it to me
860.5 -> because he wanted to do something nice for me.
863.56 -> Both of those sentences are grammatically correct
866.56 -> but using 'for' or 'to' changes the meaning, right?
872.36 -> So you've got to be careful!
877.84 -> So 'to' helps us to understand the direction of the action,
881.56 -> the destination of my phone call.
885.12 -> I called and my mum received my phone call.
889.52 -> Now,
894.38 -> I'm doing her a favour now, aren't I? I'm helping her.
898.08 -> I'm making a call to someone else because
901.12 -> maybe my mum couldn't call them or maybe she didn't
903.94 -> want to for some reason
905.84 -> so I called that person for her to help her, right?
911.28 -> Now there's a bunch of different situations
913.44 -> where you can use 'to' and 'for', but really,
917 -> trying to memorise all of those situations is a pretty
920.12 -> difficult way to learn them.
922.54 -> There are just too many and it becomes really difficult
925.36 -> and confusing to try and remember them all.
927.7 -> Now, back at the start of this lesson, I said that learning
931.64 -> to use prepositions in context is really important.
936.62 -> It's the best way to learn to use prepositions correctly
940.72 -> in English. Learning common collocations is going to be
944.22 -> really useful for you.
946.8 -> Like I said, it's best to learn prepositions with the verb
950.42 -> or the noun that they're commonly used with.
953.8 -> Have you heard of collocations before?
956.76 -> It means when words are often together in a sentence.
960.58 -> They appear often in that way
963.44 -> and so you'll often hear them together, they sound right.
967.12 -> They sound natural.
969.06 -> And if they're used incorrectly,
971.06 -> they kind of sound weird or wrong.
973.18 -> So memorising or becoming familiar with collocations
976.72 -> is a really good strategy to help you remember
979.8 -> which preposition is the right one to use.
982.88 -> So do you want some examples?
984.66 -> Let's talk about some now.
986.44 -> So with this verb, 'apologise',
989.3 -> both prepositions can be used
991.84 -> but with different results.
995.14 -> We can apologise for something, the action.
999.7 -> Or we can apologise to someone,
1003 -> so that's the person receiving the apology.
1017.78 -> Okay? So you're sorry for missing the meeting
1021.08 -> but you need to apologise to your boss.
1024.56 -> Your boss is the person that you need to apologise to.
1027.82 -> So try to remember these collocations next time
1031.06 -> you do something wrong, right?
1032.74 -> When you've messed up and you've made a mistake.
1035.6 -> Try testing them out. You apologise to someone
1038.9 -> or you apologise for something.
1042.4 -> Now we also travel to somewhere, right?
1051.92 -> Okay we use 'travel to' but we also use 'travel for'
1056.84 -> when we're talking about a purpose or even a time.
1064.48 -> or
1066.92 -> For the purpose of work, right?
1069.7 -> You apply for something, right?
1079.02 -> But we can also apply to a person, okay?
1083.86 -> We ask for something, right?
1094.74 -> If you need it. Ask for help.
1097.48 -> We use 'belong to' when we're talking about ownership
1101.52 -> or being part of something, right?
1113.88 -> Notice that we don't use 'belong for', right?
1119.06 -> We also care for something or someone.
1127.64 -> We prepare for something, right?
1138.1 -> There's a lot of people coming around.
1141.06 -> Now we use 'wait for' something or someone, right?
1145.12 -> 'Wait for' with a noun.
1151.3 -> It's taking ages!
1155.56 -> All right, we're waiting for something
1158.3 -> but we can also wait to do something.
1161.84 -> Okay we can wait to buy, you know. So 'wait to'
1165.88 -> is followed by a verb.
1168.48 -> If you can learn and remember some of those
1170.88 -> collocations that we just talked about,
1172.96 -> they're really common. They occur all the time.
1176.36 -> Well then you'll be so much closer to using
1179.08 -> the prepositions 'to' and 'for' like a total pro!
1182.58 -> Actually, why don't you give that a go right now?
1186.06 -> Right now! Practice makes perfect, right?
1188.64 -> So in the comments, pick a few of those common
1191.38 -> collocations, the ones that we just talked about.
1194.62 -> Maybe challenge yourself a little
1197.52 -> by picking the ones that you
1199.54 -> haven't heard very much or
1201.46 -> you don't use very much yourself.
1203.56 -> But write a few sentences in the comments below.
1207.06 -> I'll be checking to see if you've got them right
1208.72 -> and give you some feedback if you need it okay?
1211.44 -> Thanks for joining me today! Make sure you subscribe
1214.32 -> if you haven't already and send me a little message
1217.36 -> down below and say hi.
1219.34 -> If you want to keep practising though, of course,
1222.12 -> you want to keep practising, right?
1224.14 -> Check out this lesson here or this one
1226.98 -> is the present perfect lesson that I mentioned earlier
1230.34 -> where I talk a bit more about using 'for'
1234.04 -> Okay? 'for' and 'since'.
1236.58 -> I'll see you in the next lesson!

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVDh-iifKAs