Recreating Angkor Wat: The 12th Century Cambodian Capital | The City Of God Kings | Timeline
Recreating Angkor Wat: The 12th Century Cambodian Capital | The City Of God Kings | Timeline
Lost Worlds investigates the very latest archaeological finds at three remote and hugely significant sites - Angkor Wat, Troy and Persepolis.
Lost Worlds travels to each site and through high-end computer graphics, lavish re-enactment and the latest archaeological evidence brings them to stunning televisual life. From the 900-year-old remains of Angkor Wat in the Cambodian jungle the staggering City of the God Kings is recreated. From Project Troia, in North West Turkey, the location of the biggest archaeological expedition ever mounted the lost city is stunningly visualised and finally from Persepolis the city and the great Persian Empire are brought to life.
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Content
10.62 -> In 1860, a french naturalist was cutting his way through the cambodian jungle in search of exotic insects.
24.239 -> Henry Mouhot suddenly came across the last thing he was expecting: a massive complex of stone temples.
35.18 -> Muhot had stumbled across one of the world's most astonishing and enduring architectural feats:
42.11 -> the nine hundred year old remains of
45.08 -> Angkor Wat.
48.38 -> But who built these vast sophisticated temples?
53.42 -> Why construct them deep in the jungle only to abandon them?
59.36 -> At first there were no answers,
62.75 -> then an amazing eyewitness account from the 13th century emerged in China.
69.53 -> The author describes the Great temple of Angkor.
74 -> A fantastic citadel and its resourceful inhabitants.
78.29 -> How could this be true?
80.12 -> The evidence was scant.
83.66 -> Now science is providing unexpected proof.
88.46 -> Archeologists are applying the latest techniques to reveal the mysteries of Angkor
95.36 -> and radar images from space revealed that Angkor was much bigger than originally imagined.
102.079 -> A vast city the size of London.
108.649 -> Scientists now know that Angkor wat was just a small part of one of the largest and most sophisticated cities in the world
149.3 -> Angkor wat one of the world's true enigmas; its size and purpose baffling.
158 -> Larger than any cathedral it is truly one of the greatest structures ever built.
165.41 -> Its towers shaped like lotus flowers were raised a hundred years before the cathedral of Chartres in France.
173.79 -> The buildings were laid out on a vast scale, stone shrines ascending one upon the other as if reaching for the heavens.
186.7 -> Endless corridors are carved with the longest reliefs in the world.
192.91 -> The precise construction would be hard to match even with lasers used by Modern surveyors
202.33 -> Archaeologist Charles Higham has studied all aspects of Angkor and its inhabitants the khmer.
208.48 -> Professor Higham has been crucial to understanding the extraordinary history of this ancient culture.
214.54 -> We are standing in the middle of the world's largest religious monument. It's absolutely gigantic it stretches on and on.
222.7 -> Angkor Wat was the temple mausoleum of one of Angkor's greatest Kings: King surya Varman the second, the sun King and
231.19 -> When he died his ashes would have been placed under the heart of the central register behind me
243.77 -> Angkor wat meaning holy Temple is symbolic in every way.
248.63 -> Its vast square moat represents the oceans around Mount meru legendary home of the hindu gods
256.28 -> when Henri Mouhat stumbled across encore in 1860 he wrote
260.75 -> one of these temples
262.58 -> Arrival to that of solomon and directed by some ancient, Michelangelo might take an honourable place beside our most beautiful buildings
270.32 -> It is grander than anything left to us by Greece or Rome
274.31 -> The Frenchman suspected that the temples belong to a huge and sophisticated civilization, but he had no evidence.
283.729 -> Angkor wat lies in the Northwest floodplains of Cambodia just above the great Lake.
292.58 -> When Mouhot discovered it in 1860 only a handful of buddhist monks and local Villagers lived around the ancient site
301.25 -> None of them knew how angkor wat had evolved or who had built it.
306.289 -> Legend had it that the great temple had built itself, some said that it had always been.
317.31 -> In Europe, the publication of Mouhot journal created a sensation
325.52 -> Soon a stream of explorers photographers and archaeologists traveled east
330.86 -> keen to uncover the mysteries of this vanished world
336.44 -> But our Amuro's part in this puzzle came to a sudden end
341.06 -> Bitten by a poisonous insect he died in the jungle the year after discovering the incredible site
352.86 -> As early explorers began to strip away the jungle they discovered even more temples
359.879 -> the Walls of the vast monuments were covered in intricate carvings
365.879 -> These reliefs Illustrate legends of an ancient culture and its religion
372.27 -> The Sandstone sections were carved in place. They would have taken the artists decades to complete
381.869 -> Inscriptions here are written not only in an ancient Cambodian language
385.589 -> But also mysteriously in Sanskrit the priestly language of the hindus
392.879 -> One of the great breakthroughs has been the translation of the entire corpus of angkorian inscriptions by a french scholar
400.469 -> George sur Des in seven thick volumes and
404.939 -> So bit by bit the actual internal history of angkor has been unraveled, and that's been absolutely critical
417.95 -> To the codebreakers they disclose that the sixth centuries ankle had been the capital of the khmer the indigenous people of cambodia
428.419 -> Between the 9th and 15th centuries ad a total of 38 Kings ruled their empire from angkor
435.47 -> Its Borders reached from Southern Vietnam to Laos and from the mekong river to Eastern Berlin
444.63 -> But whose grand Vision was this great city, and why was it built in the middle of the jungle?
451.63 -> the deciphering continued
456.52 -> then an astonishing discovery was made a
460.72 -> Junior Chinese official on a diplomatic mission visited angkor in the summer of 1296 Ad
472.289 -> During his year-long visit show doug juan kept a journal
477.779 -> his diary tells of a major Civilization a
481.529 -> Capital much bigger and more developed than the archaeologists dared imaginable
486.659 -> But was show Doug ones account fact or myth
495.3 -> archeologists searched for proof of the existence of the City Joe described
499.619 -> as
501.21 -> They pieced together this gigantic puzzle the full story began to Emerge
511.1 -> For thousands of years the indigenous people of cambodia the khmer had cut rice fields from the jungle
518.84 -> These farmers were a largely self-contained and peaceful race
523.91 -> But from the first century ad small feuding kingdoms developed around the country
530.69 -> In the eighth century a great leader emerged
536.33 -> to find a site for a brand new sacred capital the abandoned his home city in the Eastern part of Cambodia and
543.17 -> ordered all his subjects to cross the mekong river in a great March West
554.01 -> Having conquered his rivals. He chose the lush land between the sacred : hills and great lake for his new citadel
563.33 -> In 802 ad he had himself crowned Jaya Baumann the Supreme World Emperor King of Kings
575.06 -> Jiya Varma's Charisma one the people over
578.18 -> He came not only to rule by divine consent, but to be worshipped as a God himself
584.24 -> At a stroke this great and charismatic leader changed the course of Cambodian history
592.44 -> Over the next 500 years Jaya varmints descendants living God's succeeded him to reign in angkor
600.6 -> Each King had his own monument built to his glory destined to become his mausoleum
607.29 -> Since the second century ad the Kumar's had practiced hinduism
611.73 -> Each of the Royal Temples is modeled on the five peaks of Mount meru the home of the Indian gods
618.81 -> For their builders the shrines were a celebration of religion art science and power
629.82 -> throughout the first half of the 20th century
632.73 -> Cambodia was part of France's Colonial Empire
635.73 -> It was they who led the way in piecing angkor together
639.09 -> When they arrived and took colonial control of this part of the world the the place was an absolute shambles
645.47 -> I mean there were stones. Just like I found everywhere
647.96 -> There's nothing like what you see today, and so they dedicated vast amount of energy and effort into the reconstruction of the temples in
656.88 -> The 1960s the eminent archaeologist been Bernard Phil Croley made this comparison of angkor
665.01 -> Imagine that within the city limits of Paris you found thrown together Versailles the place de La Concorde and the Louvre.
672.72 -> Surrounding these the cathedrals of Notre-Dame, Chartres, and Rennes
677.73 -> flanked by all the churches built in Paris before the 19th century
687.93 -> Since Henri Mouhot had first discovered Angkor in 1860 much had been learned about its history
695.37 -> But almost nothing was known about the culture
698.85 -> responsible for these incredible monuments.
715.8 -> The largest religious monument in the world the city of the gods Angkor Wat in the heart of Cambodia
725.449 -> But is this astonishing temple only the visible tip of a greater unseen mystery?
734.41 -> 700 Years ago a junior Chinese official visited angkor on a diplomatic mission
742.84 -> During his 11 months stay with a cambodian family. He recorded many aspects of life in angkor
751.78 -> the Jo Dagwons account contains several flights of Fancy
757.81 -> For instance he describes the great temple of angkor wat as having been built in a single day by a legendary Chinese architect
765.97 -> He was also Openly judgemental referring to his hosts as barbarians
772.42 -> Archeologists have taken his writings with a pinch of salt
776.56 -> You've always got to think of it as being seen to the eyes of an educated Chinese for whom anyone Beyond the empire
782.98 -> was by definition of Barbarians and
786.49 -> in reading what he has to say one has to be certainly on occasion judicious in
791.92 -> Realizing the prejudices were there
797.17 -> For a hundred years french archeologists were too busy restoring the temples to pay the journal much attention. So it was largely ignored
811.37 -> Then in the 1970s the murderous regime of POl pot's stopped all work at angkor
820.67 -> His Army of Communist revolutionaries the khmer rouge laid thousands of landmines around the site rendering it off-limits for years
835.81 -> Now at last ability has returned to Cambodia and work on the temples has resumed
845.23 -> Today angkor has world heritage site protection with a dozen countries funding archaeological research
855.98 -> with much of the major restoration work complete the focus has shifted away from the temples at the center and
862.339 -> on to the outlying pieces of the puzzle
866.3 -> Just north of angkor wat an eight-mile wall encloses the remains of several magnificent stone temples
874.939 -> Explorer Henri Mouhot suspected in 1860 that this was once the khmers great capital of angkor thom
881.899 -> the Holy City
886.519 -> the Perfectly square wall like angkor wat is surrounded by a moat and
892.129 -> covers an area the size of Manhattan Island
896.18 -> At its center is the Bayon temple
900.439 -> In his journal from 1296 show Doug wan describes a busy city teeming with life
910.43 -> Archeologists are now looking for evidence the district the great Metropolis. He was describing
915.499 -> But any evidence has all but vanished and the Dense forests
924.259 -> In the last two years archaeologist Jacques Gouchier has started to excavate the interior of the walled City
935.24 -> Farrakhan elicited to the shore applauded when I started this study
939.829 -> We knew almost nothing because everything was covered in Forest energy stocks
945.17 -> except
946.73 -> The only surviving features were the stone temples and the foundation of the Royal palace
952.34 -> But we knew nothing of the rest of the 900 hectares within the city wall and clearly others hid firm
960.98 -> For a while it seemed that gaucher was fighting a losing battle
964.67 -> But his persistence is at last producing results
968.12 -> There's our care unit through the stay mad geeks
972.29 -> after two years of very difficult research Conrad formats
975.67 -> We that last began to build an impression of this city throughout the city leaders?
981.39 -> Gaucher is plotting thousands of coordinates onto an ever more detailed map of angkor thom
988.53 -> He is now able to trace an intricate grid system of canals and roads together with the sites of thousands of wooden houses
998.09 -> Back in 1860 when Henri Mouhot discovered angkor wat he had suspected that it was just part of a complex City
1006.46 -> road ugh Juan's Thirteenth Century Journal alludes to a political and religious citadel
1012.22 -> Now at last archaeologists have enough evidence to bring to life this extraordinary city as it looked 700 years ago
1030.88 -> Anchor was a capital far bigger and far in advance of any European city of the time
1037.66 -> Jacque go shares findings confirm the accuracy of Ja Dagwons account
1046.039 -> What he describes is fact not fantasy
1050.63 -> These are the monuments which have cost merchants from overseas to speak so often of Cambodia the rich and noble
1058.1 -> If you are looking for gold lions gold Buddha's bronze elephants and Bronze horses. This is where you'll find them
1072.299 -> from the inscriptions
1074.309 -> Archeologists know that angkor thom the holy City was built nearly a century before Joe arrived by the khmers greatest monarch
1085.139 -> Giovanna in the Seventh Ruled over Cambodia between 1181 and 1219
1091.649 -> Known as the great builder king he expanded the empire further than any other khmer ruler
1099.21 -> Within the City Walls the King Built a palace befitting his mighty empire
1104.909 -> the Royal Palace stands to the North of the Golden Tower
1109.049 -> Lintels and Columns all decorated with carved and painted Buddhas are immense
1114.45 -> The roofs - I impressive long colonnades and open corridors stretch away
1120.749 -> interlaced in harmonious relation
1127.23 -> Jaco Shares excavations at the Royal Palace confirm shows account
1132.539 -> That within City the sukyohama
1135.359 -> did they
1136.649 -> We found evidence out of this palace was a large area talking
1141.269 -> With interconnecting quarters and building a separate band that we found holes 80 centimeters in diameter
1148.529 -> Four huge supporting Columns, it would have been a very impressive sight like my snout
1156.44 -> As evidence materializes about the royal palace the role of the Kumar's rulers these earthly gods becomes clearer
1192.39 -> During his day Joe Dagwon had several audiences with the Ruling King
1197.669 -> Every time I was admitted to the palace for an audience with the king
1201.179 -> He came forward with his chief wife and took his place in the embrasure of the Golden window in the main audience hall
1209.429 -> Joe himself came from a culture with the Ruler elevated to godhood
1213.899 -> the Chinese approved of the Kumar's devotion
1217.47 -> These people know, what is Stewar King?
1222.06 -> The king talked to social pyramid that stretched down to the lowest peasant
1227.7 -> The Monarch Spoken see showed itself in a legend showed up one length out
1232.74 -> Of the palace rises a golden tower to the top of which the ruler are sent nightly to sleep
1239.88 -> It is common believed that in the tower dwells a genie
1243.93 -> Formed like a serpent with nine heads. Which is lord of the entire kingdom
1249.51 -> Every night the genie appears in the shape of a woman with whom the sovereign couples
1255.27 -> Should the genie fail to appear for a single night it is a sign that the kings death is at hand
1262.08 -> If the king should fail to keep his tryst
1265.71 -> Disaster is sure to follow
1272.169 -> Well, I'm not sure about that
1273.539 -> He would have been fine king had he been able to do that at for any length of time
1277.119 -> but I but what we do know is that it was a
1280.299 -> practice of the aristocrats to send and the regional
1284.619 -> Landed Gentry as it were to send up a woman from their family to be a member of the Kings entourage
1290.379 -> to become a concubine
1291.729 -> Which would in a sense, bind?
1293.379 -> The provinces to the center in a very physical manner and they wouldn't be surprising if indeed the king did have a very substantial
1300.909 -> harem from which to choose
1303.7 -> Show doug juan notes that the King had five wives and a harem of 3,000 women
1312.429 -> The King was rarely seen outside the palace, but Joe describes one such occasion the New Year festival
1320.229 -> At night comes on the Kings besought to take part in the spectacle the rockets are fired and the crackers touched off
1328.389 -> The Rockets can be seen from 13 kilometers away
1331.869 -> the firecrackers largest swivel guns Shakes the whole City
1348.05 -> Below the King was an army of bureaucrats graded by rank as Joe describes
1353.93 -> In this country there is a hierarchy of ministers generals
1358.22 -> astronomers and other functionaries
1360.41 -> Beneath these come all sorts of small employees
1364.13 -> Differing only in name from our own
1367.649 -> These would all have been descendants of families honored by the original Jaya varmint who had founded an corps 500 years earlier
1377.399 -> What is not clear from Joe's writings is how many people lived in uncle?
1383.159 -> Sanskrit inscriptions in Temples such as tarp rom offer valuable clues
1388.02 -> We know that the temple housed at least 12,000 people including a number of great priests?
1393.74 -> I think over 650 dancers and various other officiants to maintain the the temple and to do the necessary
1402 -> Temple duties
1407.13 -> If 12,000 people served a single temple, what was the overall population?
1415.46 -> Jago says new research is not yet complete, but it does support an educated guess to give a number
1422.87 -> this City could have been between
1427.85 -> 80,000 90,000 and
1432.23 -> 150,000 people in
1435.86 -> The same period The population of London totaled no more than 30,000
1442.76 -> So discoveries are confirming that what only was suspected and show doug juan alleges is correct
1449.93 -> Uncle Tom was indeed a large well-structured city with a huge population
1457.43 -> Now suspicions are aroused that the jungle conceals and called together bigger surprise
1462.92 -> And the trouble is so vast that it's full extent can only be detected from space
1483.12 -> The search for the hidden Empire of angkor was about to take an unexpected turn
1497.84 -> In 1994 archaeologists persuaded, Nasa to undertake a unique task
1503.72 -> The space Agency had developed specialist radar to penetrate vegetation
1513.22 -> Their challenge was to probe the area of angkor in Cambodia as the space shuttle endeavor passed over Southeast, Asia
1521.94 -> the resulting images cover an area a hundred kilometers long and ten kilometers wide
1530.69 -> For the first time scientists have an accurate impression of the wider City's infrastructure a thousand years ago
1540.17 -> Covering an area the size of London this rural Metropolis was immense
1548.47 -> For archaeologist, Elizabeth Moore this is a major breakthrough
1555.009 -> I'm sure they had a skill to do it it is revolutionizing
1558.34 -> Understanding of the size of the kingdom cause water up at first people said well you won't find anything new at angkor
1564.629 -> But what we have?
1566.379 -> What the radar has shown us is just how all the regions contributed to what then became the central zone of angkor?
1574.24 -> the radar pictures also reveal previously unknown temples all over the angkorian basin as
1580.72 -> Well as an intricate network of Roads and Canals all leading to the Walled City
1589.389 -> Evident for the first time is the grid plan of this once great metropolis
1595.21 -> When you start looking at the radar imagery and you see that
1599.95 -> Sophistication with which they were able to control and all through their terrain I've never seen the culture like it elsewhere in Southeast Asia in
1607.509 -> Terms of manipulating the landscape of using it to their benefit
1614.74 -> Now the challenge for archaeologists was to work out at ground level what had been photographed from space
1624.519 -> Archaeologist Christoph Paki is using the images as a route map to trace the layout of ancient angkor
1637.17 -> The Newly discovered temples were at the center of Their own communities
1641.4 -> Just like village churches in Europe. They indicate the size of each settlement showing the true extent of the metropolis
1654.36 -> today 40a and his cambodian assistants in Gender
1658.08 -> Attempt to locate a number of previously unrecorded ruins outside the walled city of angkor thom
1673.3 -> wow together
1681.07 -> It's a no it's a quite nice one
1688.75 -> Right seems to be a garuda and very clearly carried out with his wings
1695.35 -> exactly legal and
1697.33 -> place interesting unfotunately has been badly damaged but
1703.18 -> but it's nice and
1704.95 -> compared to the side it could be a
1707.71 -> late 9th century
1709.3 -> maybe maybe
1711.04 -> first part of the 10
1714.52 -> Temples like this would have been the centres of Villages housing between one and three hundred people
1721.39 -> Thought he and his colleagues have established that the number of temple sites like this in the region runs into thousands
1728.38 -> suggesting a massive population
1733.03 -> There was a direct relationship between these Villages and the royal capital
1737.559 -> An ancient inscription persuades archaeologists like Charles Higham of the link
1743.48 -> We know that at least an eighty thousand or so people from three thousand Villages were assigned to
1750.02 -> Supply all the goods that we needed annually to maintain us in a good condition
1757.67 -> vast amounts of produce and thousands of people would have been transported from the Villages a
1764.87 -> Complex Network of Roads leading to the Center is evident from the NaSa pictures
1770.99 -> the inscriptions point to the Great Builder King Jayavarman
1776.3 -> Jive Armand the seventh was a fantastic builder across his whole kingdom he had roads constructed
1781.57 -> he was a great man for infrastructure one reason being that he wanted pilgrims to go and visit his places and
1786.8 -> So he had rest houses built at one day's journey apart
1790.37 -> he moved and shaped more stone than every other gang Korean king combined and
1796.91 -> And he must go down in world history as one of the great builders of all time
1802.13 -> if
1803.33 -> all the outlying temples were connected in one giant conurbation then angkor can be acknowledged as a rural metropolis as
1811.58 -> big as Modern-day London
1813.38 -> At its heart a walled Royal enclaved the size of Westminster
1823.08 -> There are hundreds with a thousand of that kind of smaller sanctuaries sprayed or around the IRa
1831.63 -> of hong Kong with the larger Hong Kong and
1834.99 -> It's not sure obviously when there was feed age
1839.16 -> Everyone almost everywhere
1842.34 -> Early research suggests that this metropolis could have had a population of a million people
1852.72 -> This would make angkor at its peak between the 11th and 13th centuries one of the largest cities in the world
1868.27 -> The indigenous cambodians the khmer were powerful and successful
1876.96 -> They managed to build one of the most extraordinary cities in history in one of the world's most hostile climate
1885.71 -> But how was such a large population able to survive and prosper in the heart of an email spit or jungle?
1902.8 -> The answer lies in the commands ability to harness their most precious asset
1911.86 -> Cambodia has 8 months without rain when rivers become a muddy trickle then for a few months the Monsoon brings floods
1922.96 -> For this reason the anko is build close to the great lake which swells to four times its size in the rainy season
1932.38 -> It not only provided precious water throughout the year, but also an inexhaustible supply of fish
1939.13 -> Boudreau Dagwon records
1941.14 -> Of all the fish the black carp is the most abundant
1944.799 -> Next in number detent and freshwater congas the prawns of char and weigh as much as half a kilo Apiece
1951.909 -> Crocodiles their ice large as boats
1956.95 -> Apart from fish the Staple diets like most of Asia was rice
1962.98 -> Paddy Fields need a plentiful supply of water to ensure a healthy crop
1968.98 -> When the founding Ruler Jaya Varman arrived at angkor there were already peasant Farmers cultivating ancient Rice fields
1978.46 -> But from the 9th to the 13th centuries successive. God kings ordered thousands more acres of jungle to be cleared for rice production
1989.77 -> Water had to be cleverly harnessed to irrigate the New Fields
1994.75 -> If the system failed the very survival of the kingdom would be at stake
2003.309 -> Well maintained canals were also crucial to uncle
2010.76 -> Every day tons of heavy stones for the construction of temples will be transported by canal from the Coulomb field
2022.91 -> Planning expert Jaga believes the success of angkor is due to the elaborate system of interconnecting waterways
2031.94 -> You are tanks of ponds which are dead to
2036.41 -> keep also this water and you have
2039.02 -> some canonization this royal palace is full of small Canalization the
2044.45 -> City is full of channels and the outside theatre is also full of big channels this systems
2051.889 -> Which are different level of scale they must have been connected to each other?
2060.27 -> It was the khmers ability to harness water that made them unique
2065.909 -> While the dutch were experimenting with their first canals the khmer were already past masters
2074.639 -> The most recent excavation by jacques osha reveals the complexity of khmer water management within the Royal city
2083.04 -> his surveys have uncovered two huge reservoirs each measuring 300 metres long and 20 metres wide a
2090.869 -> Major Road intersected them
2094.23 -> Water needed to flow around the city
2097.44 -> What go shire wanted to know was how the road could be used while water still flowed from one reservoir to the other?
2104.46 -> So he began to dig
2107.94 -> the excavation unearthed the stone dike where the road and reservoirs met
2113.61 -> It also shows that the reservoirs were built on slightly different levels
2119.85 -> Beneath the surface of the Road narrow channels in the dike allow water to filter from the upper reservoir into the lower
2129.12 -> But the arrangement may have been too finely balanced
2139.52 -> Playing at such a scale with the management of water
2144.44 -> With such small differences of level. I think the system was quite fragile, and if there were any
2153.14 -> variability in the environment
2155.66 -> Or in the maintenance of the city for social problems of political ones
2161.32 -> I think the precision I mean the ultra
2165.29 -> Sophistication can can have been a weakness in the system in a way
2172.1 -> This complex system provided water throughout the royal city for drinking cooking and even bathing
2183.23 -> Cambodia is an excessively hot country and it is impossible to get through the day without fading several times
2190.28 -> There are no valve houses no basins
2193.369 -> However every family has a pond or several families of one in common men and women go naked into this pond
2202.67 -> the construction of extensive water systems and great stone temples in the jungle Demanded colossal manpower
2213.9 -> Why would the command be prepared to devote so much of their year toiling in the King's name?
2219.299 -> Why was it that the peasantry out there in the field?
2223.559 -> Contributed so much labour
2226.02 -> Willingly it seems to the maintenance of the center and the answer may well be that they really believed that the king
2233.25 -> Was a god and they were working in the service of the deity and this kept them going oh
2238.4 -> I think without a doubt I fully agree with you right you couldn't have built city of angkor without that kind of firm belief
2251.239 -> But although the khmer people dedicated enormous effort into constructing their great city
2256.369 -> It was the addition of slave labor that made it possible
2259.91 -> Show describes these unfortunates
2262.64 -> Wild men from the hills can be bought to serve as slaves
2266.329 -> families of wealth may own more than 100 those of lesser means content themselves with ten or twenty
2273.44 -> Only the very poor have none
2275.66 -> we know - again from the inscriptions that some of them had a very raw deal there was one who tried to escape from the
2281.559 -> land to which he was in which he was born and was and was assigned and they found him then they brought him back and
2286.69 -> They gouged his eyes out and cut off his ears
2290.48 -> Punishment was severe for all subjects of angkor noted the Chinese diplomat
2295.039 -> In very serious cases a digits dug outside the city
2299.48 -> The Criminal is dropped into it Earth and stones are heaped on top until he is buried alive
2309.4 -> Lesser Crimes are dealt with by cutting off feet or hands or by amputating the nose
2319.48 -> The economy of angkor was based on international trade
2327.24 -> The Kumar's produced food for their swelling population, but there was a surplus for trade with neighboring States
2333.99 -> They won't find cloth cast huge bronze statues and exported ivory
2339.78 -> Kingfisher feathers Beans Wax and sent abroad
2344.34 -> their main Trading partner was China
2347.67 -> the reliefs of the Bayan
2349.68 -> reveal a Chinese trade junk coming across the waters of the great lake just south of angkor and we know that there was indeed a
2356.54 -> great deal of trade going on because of the more recent archaeological research that has been
2361.35 -> Excavating in the royal palace and there they've been unearthing a considerable quantity of Chinese ceramics
2376.7 -> Jaguars Delegation were not the only chinese in angkor in fact Chinese settlers had been there for years
2384.59 -> The Chinese always take a wife here as soon as they arrive deriving additional benefit from the woman's business skills in
2393.98 -> Cambodia it is the women who take charge of trade. There are no shops in which the merchants live instead
2400.49 -> They display their goods on matting spread on the ground
2407.28 -> women held positions of power and Authority
2410.52 -> They owned property engaged in trade and even served as bodyguards to the King
2418.23 -> But the Chinese interest in cambodian women was not driven Solely by trade
2424.2 -> Everyone with whom I talked said that the cambodian women are highly sexed
2428.76 -> One or two days after giving birth to a child they are ready for intercourse if the husband is not
2435.15 -> Responsive he will be discarded
2442.18 -> By the end of the 13th century angkor was at its peak
2448.73 -> a succession of God Kings had built this beautiful and astonishing City a
2454.65 -> Sophisticated water system made the City work Fed its people and created wealth
2459.9 -> But then at its very peak cracks in the system began to appear
2465.12 -> Cracks that would lead to the city being abandoned to the jungle
2480.42 -> It took nearly 500 years for angkor to grow - the vast city that the Chinese diplomat show dog juan described in 1296
2501.839 -> Yet, just a century later the City lay deserted given up to the jungle
2509.88 -> But why throughout history there are a few examples of cities being totally abandoned
2521.64 -> One key Factor is known throughout and cause history the khmer had waged war with their neighbors
2544.33 -> In the early years of angkor the Vietnamese chams were the khmer sworn enemies
2553.04 -> Most of the Temple Walls around the Capitol depict Epic battles against the chance
2567.47 -> But by the time of jaw dog wonka with the main threat came from the emerging Thai kingdom of siam as it expanded into Cambodia
2581.64 -> Here comes recently during the war with Siam whole Villages have been laid waste
2589.89 -> In the diplomats eyes the khmer army was ill-prepared for war
2595.29 -> Soldiers move about unclothed and their foot in the right hand is carried a lance in the left a shield
2602.34 -> They have no bows no missiles. No breastplate and no helmets
2607.8 -> Generally speaking these people have neither disciplined nor strategy
2621.58 -> inscriptions show that in 1431 the thais sacked angkor
2626.8 -> they looted everything possible to
2629.26 -> enslave them much of the population including the Kings entire hiring and
2634.18 -> Carried them off to Thailand
2649.88 -> Abandoned the city of angkor was slowly reabsorbed into the jungle from which it had emerged five centuries before
2660.02 -> re Moreau wrote in 1861
2663.44 -> Must ask what has become of this powerful race so civilized and enlightened to create these gigantic works
2673.85 -> The conventional explanation is that the empire's rulers lost their grip on power and the tithe simply scared them off?
2681.62 -> but the mystery of angkor takes another twist
2686.93 -> Today archaeologists believe that there were other factors at work
2693.68 -> Charles Higham points to the Great Builder King Jayavarman the seventh
2699.41 -> perhaps because of the excesses of Giovanna and the seventh who who clearly was a
2704.93 -> builder with a Frenzy of activity and
2708.95 -> He may well, it said that I might be true that he exhausted the resources of the state and it went into a decline
2717.23 -> Jar Varman the Seventh was the first buddhist king after several hundred years of Hindu worship
2723.14 -> This more compassionate religion may have given the khmer calls to reflect on the excessive their kings
2731 -> I
2732.3 -> Wonder whether in fact the the slow decline that may well have set in was the result of a lack of
2739.44 -> Belief out in the field there that the king was in fact a deity and that this vital link between the two began to fray
2755.89 -> Did you hack go share theorizes that while the khmers success can be attributed to the harnessing of water?
2761.859 -> It could also have led to that undoing
2766.69 -> Such was the fine balance of nature that if irrigation and the storage of water were not kept up they could easily fall into disrepair
2776.109 -> List Emerson Mirada Jeff Hegelian what heavier the water system was very fragile because it was so sophisticated
2783.16 -> So and the problem is if it's not well maintained it it could easily become blots by Seda members of their following in City, Modesto
2792.579 -> The Kings who came after John baum in the seventh were less interested in Grand building plans
2798.339 -> It's also possible. They stopped maintaining the intricate water system
2803.17 -> Deforestation was also a likely contributor
2817.35 -> So much jungle had been cut back for rice growing that undoubtedly the rivers and canals would have silted up
2823.26 -> Which in turn would have led to an ecological disaster for the command?
2832.109 -> Kristof Pottier believes the clues are objects the balinese 30 of s with the water
2840.1 -> at the end of all cords
2843.52 -> pieces of the Forest should have been very very rare very
2849.19 -> Different station is an issue is not a new program. It's an old one
2857.47 -> It is most likely that it was a combination of these factors that led the khmer to Abandon their once great city
2866.2 -> What remained of the khmer court re-established itself on the banks of the mekong near Cambodia's present-day capital of Phnom penh?
2875.38 -> We're not talking about the actual collapse and total demise of a civilization
2880.11 -> What happened was that they moved sensibly to the east down to the mekong river and away from the Thais?
2889.99 -> Now completely buddhist renouncing material wealth the khmer would never again embrace the lofty heights. They had in ankle
2903.33 -> For 400 years and call a derelict and forgotten
2908.16 -> until it's Rediscovery by or removal in 1860
2915.06 -> Today angkor is recognized as a wonder of the world in
2920.099 -> Cambodia's new Era of stability
2922.8 -> archeologists from around the world continue to make fresh discoveries
2934.04 -> at last a world lost to the jungle is Reimagine a
2939.02 -> Major Metropolis that for over half a millennium dominated a thriving empire
2944.39 -> One of the greatest cities the world has ever known
2952.58 -> you
2960.9 -> you
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KsDGDzwuQ-I