Finland Might Have Solved Nuclear Power’s Biggest Problem
Finland Might Have Solved Nuclear Power’s Biggest Problem
Finland is building the largest and most powerful nuclear reactor in Europe - and may have worked out what to do with spent nuclear fuel once and for all. Discover how to build in 2030 with Bluebeam - https://bit.ly/3v8uTER
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Content
2.879 -> it's
3.36 -> an immense project since 2005
6.96 -> finland's been constructing the largest
8.639 -> nuclear reactor in europe
10.32 -> alongside a facility that could solve
12.559 -> the problem of what to do with spent
14.48 -> nuclear fuel
17.119 -> when you think nuclear the nordic nation
19.279 -> doesn't immediately jump to mind but if
21.52 -> all of its planned projects come to
22.96 -> fruition then by the end of the decade
25.119 -> the country will be second only to
26.72 -> france
27.599 -> in terms of the percentage of energy
29.279 -> drawn from nuclear systems
32.32 -> after more than a decade of delays and
34.64 -> cost overruns 2022 will see the world's
37.52 -> happiest country switch on one of the
39.28 -> planet's most
40.079 -> advanced reactors potentially
42.239 -> kickstarting
43.12 -> a new age of nuclear power
47.4 -> [Applause]
53.92 -> finland actually has a long history with
56.399 -> nuclear power
57.52 -> its first reactor came online in 1977
60.48 -> and by 1980
61.76 -> three more were operational providing a
64.08 -> third of finland's total energy needs
67.52 -> while these reactors are among the most
69.28 -> efficient in the world
70.64 -> running at a 95 capacity factor for the
73.28 -> past decade and
74.56 -> continually being uprated over their
76.479 -> life cycle
77.6 -> growing demand and the seasonal
79.28 -> fluctuations of other renewable sources
81.439 -> like
81.84 -> hydro and solar has left the country
84.159 -> relying on imports from russia and
85.92 -> sweden to make up the balance of its
87.759 -> energy needs
89.6 -> to lessen its reliance on foreign energy
91.68 -> and help meet its goal of carbon
93.36 -> neutrality by
94.4 -> 2035 the finnish government approved the
97.119 -> construction of what was meant to be the
99.04 -> world's first
100.079 -> third generation pressurized water
102 -> reactor or erp
103.759 -> at its aukiloto nuclear plant known as
106.24 -> ol3
107.2 -> in 2005.
110.24 -> with an initial cost of 3.9 billion us
113.2 -> dollars ol3 was to nearly double the
115.6 -> plant's existing output
117.119 -> and provide 14 percent of finland's
119.28 -> energy needs when it became operational
121.119 -> by
121.439 -> 2010 but while ol3 was the first epr to
125.439 -> begin construction ahead of
127.04 -> other next generation reactors in france
129.599 -> china
130.08 -> and the uk complexities surrounding the
132.8 -> design
133.44 -> defects in safety systems and
135.28 -> contractual disputes
136.879 -> led to over a decade of delays and in
139.52 -> 2018
140.48 -> china's taishan 1 became the first epr
143.36 -> reactor in the world
144.879 -> to start operating despite these delays
148.879 -> and the cost
149.76 -> swelling to over 10.2 billion us dollars
153.12 -> ol3 was granted an operation licensed by
155.599 -> finland's radiation and nuclear safety
157.76 -> authority in 2019
159.76 -> and in march 2021 116 tons of uranium
163.68 -> began to be loaded into the reactor
165.68 -> ahead of its final testing phase
169.12 -> once it's connected to the grid and the
170.959 -> reactor begins commercial production in
172.879 -> early 2022
175.04 -> the countdown will be on until ol3
177.599 -> begins adding to finland's spent fuel
182.84 -> stockpile
185.44 -> nuclear power is an incredibly clean way
188.159 -> to produce energy but it does create a
190.64 -> byproduct
191.44 -> and it's the one problem we've yet to
193.599 -> truly solve
195.28 -> after three to six years irradiated
197.36 -> material is no longer able to sustain a
199.519 -> reaction as a viable fuel source
201.68 -> and new material must be brought in to
203.68 -> maintain the reactor's efficiency
205.68 -> but while it's unable to generate
207.28 -> electricity spent fuel remains
209.599 -> highly radioactive and needs to be
211.44 -> isolated for hundreds of thousands of
213.599 -> years
214.319 -> to prevent it causing harm to people or
216.48 -> the surrounding environment
219.2 -> although spent fuel can be re-enriched
221.599 -> and re-enter the fuel cycle
223.12 -> the main way we currently deal with
224.879 -> radioactive waste is to simply store it
226.959 -> in pools
227.84 -> or sealed dry storage facilities while
230.319 -> it slowly decays
231.69 -> [Music]
232.879 -> while these methods keep spent fuel
234.959 -> contained it's not a viable long-term
237.2 -> solution as the system is heavily
238.959 -> reliant on mechanical
240.08 -> and human intervention and even under
242.239 -> the strictest conditions it can be
243.68 -> vulnerable to attacks of terrorism
245.439 -> or natural disasters the kind that led
247.76 -> to the events of fukushima in 2011.
252.72 -> with an estimated 250 000 tons of
256.079 -> high-level waste already in storage
257.84 -> around the world
258.959 -> and with no long-term strategy of
260.72 -> dealing with it many countries have
262.16 -> chosen to completely rule out nuclear
264.32 -> power when it comes to meeting their
265.759 -> growing energy needs
268.08 -> in an attempt to solve this since 2005
271.68 -> plus a joint venture between finland's
274.16 -> two nuclear power providers
276.08 -> has been constructing the world's first
278.16 -> deep geological repository for spent
280.24 -> fuel
280.72 -> in the billion year old bedrock not far
283.04 -> from ol3
285.06 -> [Music]
286.24 -> funded by charges collected from
287.84 -> consumers through electricity sales
290.08 -> the 1 billion us dollar project that's
292.16 -> due to complete in 2023
294.479 -> will see a series of tunnels extend half
296.96 -> a kilometer below ground
298.639 -> creating a permanent disposal facility
300.72 -> for spent fuel
302.88 -> now while burying nuclear waste might
304.88 -> sound alarming and may cause concern to
306.96 -> environmental groups
308.24 -> the process at on kelo is so much more
311.12 -> than simply burying the problem
313.12 -> based on a swedish disposal method known
315.36 -> as kbs3
316.88 -> irradiated material is placed into boron
319.199 -> steel canisters
320.24 -> and enclosed within corrosion resistant
322.08 -> copper capsules before being
324 -> buried in individual holes and
325.84 -> backfilled with bentonite clay
327.919 -> entombing it forever
331.12 -> once buried no further mechanical or
333.36 -> human intervention is required to
334.88 -> contain the radioactive payload
336.96 -> essentially eliminating one of the
338.56 -> biggest barriers many countries have
340.24 -> when it comes to adopting nuclear power
345.12 -> with the capacity to accommodate the
347.039 -> last 50 years worth of finland's
349.28 -> accumulated spent fuel
351.12 -> and the needs of its existing reactors
352.96 -> until at least 2120
354.8 -> at which time the facility will be
356.479 -> permanently sealed
358 -> unkailo appears to provide a viable
360 -> long-term solution to dealing with
361.68 -> nuclear waste
364.24 -> described as a game changer for the
366.16 -> industry by the director of the
367.68 -> international atomic energy agency
369.84 -> the lessons learned at once are being
371.759 -> shared with other countries
373.36 -> and regions with suitable geological
375.199 -> characteristics are being considered for
377.12 -> similar disposal sites
379.759 -> having seemingly solved the biggest
381.36 -> drawback of nuclear power
382.88 -> and with the sixth reactor already
384.4 -> planned to begin construction next year
386.72 -> finland looks set to play a leading role
388.72 -> in the widespread adoption of nuclear
390.319 -> technology
391.12 -> as the world continues to transition
392.88 -> away from fossil fuels
394.39 -> [Music]
396.56 -> this video was powered by bluebeam you
398.4 -> can learn more about that at the link
399.84 -> below
400.56 -> and as always if you enjoyed this video
402.639 -> and you want to get more from the
403.919 -> definitive video channel for
405.52 -> construction
406.56 -> make sure you're subscribe to the b1m
423.599 -> you
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYpiK3W-g_0