The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Begins [AP World History] Unit 5 Topic 3

The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Begins [AP World History] Unit 5 Topic 3

The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Begins [AP World History] Unit 5 Topic 3

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In this video Heimler discusses the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution. It began in England for many reasons, all of which we’ll discuss in this video (all of which aligns with the AP World History curriculum in Unit 5.3).

In England the factory system was born and this changed the manufacture of goods in significant ways. From Richard Arkwright’s water frame, to James Hargraves’s spinning jenny, to Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts, the Industrial Revolution eventually changed the world’s economy, social structures, and political structures.

If you have any questions, leave them below and Heimler will answer forthwithly.


Content

0.099 -> Hi and welcome back to Heimler’s History.
2.509 -> In this video we’re getting to one of the main themes of Unit 5 of AP World History,
6.55 -> namely, the Industrial Revolution.
8.29 -> So we’re going to talk about what it is and where it came from.
10.8 -> If you’re ready, I’m ready, let’s get to it.
12.97 -> So the Industrial Revolution.
15.14 -> Strictly defined, the Industrial Revolution isn’t that impressive sounding.
18.05 -> It’s basically the process of producing goods with machines in order to labor more
21.84 -> efficient.
22.84 -> So we went from making stuff with our hands to making stuff with machines.
25.87 -> But this shift in the method of production of goods led to worldwide changes in social
30.449 -> and economic structures on such a massive scale that it’s going to be hard for me
34.68 -> to exaggerate the magnitude of its effects.
37.3 -> And that’s what the rest of the videos in this unit are going to explore.
40.319 -> For now, we’re going to look at what caused the Industrial Revolution to begin.
43.859 -> And it just so happened that it began in the country of England.
46.12 -> Now, why England?
47.12 -> Well, I got eight reasons for you.
48.94 -> Number 1: proximity to water.
50.679 -> As my grandpappy used to say, “You can’t bust a grumpy in England without running into
54.399 -> water somewhere.”
55.399 -> Thanks, grandpappy.
56.399 -> And it’s true: England is an island and no matter where you lived on this island there
59.579 -> was abundant access to rivers and canals.
61.719 -> And this is important because it created the conditions for easy and inexpensive trade.
66.549 -> Number 2: metric buttloads of raw materials.
68.79 -> Under the surface of England’s soil lay huge deposits of coal which would be the main
72.69 -> source of energy powering the Industrial Revolution.
75.3 -> Also there were abundant deposits of iron, which, thanks to new methods of separating
79.27 -> iron from its ore, was used to create the infrastructure of the Industrial Revolution.
83.979 -> Number 3: improved agricultural productivity.
86.09 -> So there were some significant advances in farming during this time that increased harvests
90.25 -> abundantly.
91.25 -> A new method of planting was embraced, namely, crop rotation.
93.149 -> And this was a big deal because if you plant the same crop in the same soil year after
97.119 -> year, then that crop uses the same nutrients year after year, and eventually the soil can’t
103.03 -> replenish itself.
104.03 -> But if you plant different crops on the same ground year after year, then each year you’re
108.63 -> using different nutrients in the soil and the productivity of said soil increases.
112.35 -> Also there was the invention of a new tool called the seed drill which enabled farmers
116.3 -> farmers to place seeds in the ground at the exact right location and depth.
119.909 -> Number 4: urbanization.
121.02 -> Now because of this improvement in agriculture, there was more food available.
124.74 -> And as is usually the case in world history, when there’s more food, people be making
128.08 -> more babies, and the population increases.
130.61 -> But combine that agricultural increase with an advancing efficiency in farming techniques,
134.78 -> and you’ve got a bunch of new people growing up on farms that no longer needed their labor.
138.87 -> And so the result of this was a huge migration of people from the rural areas into the urban
143.25 -> areas, or cities.
144.67 -> Number 5: legal protection of private property.
146.6 -> This was important because it enable entrepreneurs to take risks and build businesses without
150.94 -> the fear that the government or other businesses would take what they built.
155.19 -> Number 6: Access to foreign resources.
157.19 -> It’s true that England had a good store of natural resources on their own island,
160.67 -> but let’s not forget what occurred during the last time period.
161.67 -> England had been busy creating a global empire.
165.7 -> And one of the cushy benefits of that was this: they had access to all the raw materials
170.06 -> of their colonies.
171.06 -> And because they had colonies in all parts of the globe, there was basically nothing
174.87 -> that they couldn’t get if they wanted it.
176.701 -> And number 7: the accumulation of capital.
179.29 -> Largely because of wealth generated by the African slave trade, British capitalists had
182.98 -> accumulated huge amounts of capital.
184.79 -> And that meant they had the occasion to invest such capital into new entrepreneurial opportunities,
188.95 -> should they arise.
189.95 -> Okay, those were the seven conditions that made it possible for the Industrial Revolution
194.3 -> to begin.
195.3 -> And those seven are more the macro reasons.
196.3 -> Let’s zoom in for a moment and look at one more reason on a micro scale, namely the advent
199.1 -> of the factory system.
200.11 -> So a factory is a place where good for sale are manufactured.
203.29 -> But people have always made goods to sell to other people.
205.6 -> What makes the factory special?
206.73 -> Well a factory is capable of producing those goods in mass.
211.15 -> You see prior to the factory, if a good was going to be made for sale, like a chair, an
214.291 -> artisan or skilled laborer made that chair from beginning to end.
217.621 -> And that made the production of goods very slow.
219.58 -> But here’s where I introduce you to the father of the factory Richard Arkwright.
222.96 -> In 1769 he invented the water frame.
225.62 -> This was a wheel that you could stick in moving water and get it to spin.
228.99 -> And you may be saying, so what?
230.6 -> Well wait a second.
231.6 -> Let me further introduce you to James Hargraves who invented the spinning jenny in 1760.
236.26 -> This little contraption made it possible for weavers to produce cloth at a much faster
239.66 -> rate.
240.66 -> Now if you take the water frame and hook it up to a spinning jenny, then baby, you got
243.57 -> a machine making textiles faster than any human being ever could.
247.35 -> And that was, in the simplest terms, the birth of the factory.
250.14 -> But it wasn’t just the machines that changed, labor changed as well.
253.56 -> And here’s where I introduce you to Eli Whitney.
255.43 -> He came up with the notion of interchangeable parts.
257.6 -> And here’s what that means.
258.6 -> Whitney’s application of this idea was to guns.
260.76 -> Remember, before this, people made things basically one at a time.
264.02 -> So that trigger was made for that gun, and it wouldn’t fit any other gun.
268.25 -> But Whitney thought, why don’t we make parts that fit every gun so that if a trigger goes
272.71 -> bad on that one, then you can just put in another standardized trigger.
276.03 -> And so now the manufacture of goods was focused not on whole products, but on the individual
280.93 -> parts of the products.
282.49 -> And when that happened, it meant producers no longer had to rely on skilled laborers
286.49 -> to produce their goods for sale.
288.27 -> Instead, anyone could stand at one spot on an assembly line and fit that cog into that
293.15 -> hole, and do it over and over again.
296.55 -> So with those three factors swirling together, the factory system was born.
301.11 -> Okay, that’s what you need to know about the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution
304.19 -> for Unit 5 of AP World History.
305.77 -> If you feel like you’ve mined some valuable resources from this video, then subscribe
309.61 -> and I’ll keep making them.
310.61 -> And if you want to help create a video-based revolution in AP World History videos then
313.61 -> you can join the good folks on Patreon who help support this channel and have access
319.23 -> to all the benefits thereunto appertaining.
322.71 -> Heimler out.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l656rjVW86k