Ivan the Terrible - The Most Sadistic Nazi Guard at Treblinka Death Camp - Ivan Marchenko
Ivan the Terrible - The Most Sadistic Nazi Guard at Treblinka Death Camp - Ivan Marchenko
Ivan Marchenko was born on the 2nd of March 1911, in the Ukrainian village of Serhijowga then part of the Russian Empire. Tge Second World War began on the 1st of September 1939 when Nazi Germany invaded Poland. Less than 2 years later on the 22nd of June, 1941, Nazi Germany, under the codename Operation Barbarossa, invades the Soviet Union, its ally in the war against Poland. Three army groups counting more than 3 million German soldiers attacked the Soviet Union across a broad front stretching from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south. The soldiers were supported by additional 650,000 troops from Germany’s allies.
In the first six weeks after the German attack the Soviet Union saw catastrophic military losses and the German armies eventually captured some 5,7 million Soviet Red Army troops during the Second World War.
Among them was Ivan Marchenko who had entered the Red Army infantry on the 27th of May 1941 and was captured by the Germans on the 10th of July of the same year.
Some 3.3 million Soviet prisoners of war, or about 57 percent of those taken prisoner, were dead by the end of the war. Second only to the Jews, Soviet prisoners of war were the largest group of victims of Nazi racial policy.
However, Marchenko was not killed. Instead, he was sent to a prisoner-of-war camp “A” in Chełm, Poland and in October 1941, he was selected for Trawniki camp, where the Nazis trained prisoners-of-war to work as SS guards. SS and police officials inducted, processed, and trained 2,500 auxiliary police guards known as Trawniki men at Trawniki training camp between September 1941 and September 1942. Virtually all of them had been Soviet prisoners of war. Deployment in the operations of the “Final Solution” -which was the mass murder of Europe’s Jews - became a key function of the Trawniki-trained guards. The Trawniki men provided the guard units for the Operation Reinhard killing centers at Bełżec, Sobibor, and Treblinka. German SS and police authorities deployed the Trawniki men in the deportation operations from both large and small ghettos in German-occupied Poland and as escorts for the transport trains from ghettos to the killing centers. Among the ghettos in which Trawniki-trained guards were deployed were also Warsaw, Lublin, and Krakow. By February 1942, Ivan Marchenko was rounding up Jews in Lublin for the death camps.
In May of 1942, Marchenko was sent to Treblinka extermination camp which was constructed in the summer of 1942. It was the third killing center, after Bełżec and Sobibor, established by Operation Reinhard authorities. Deportations to Treblinka came mainly from the ghettos of Warsaw and Radom districts in the General Government and continued until the spring of 1943. Most prominent among the deportations were the approximately 7,000 Jews transported from the Warsaw ghetto after its liquidation following the Warsaw ghetto uprising in 1943. A Holocaust survivor Josef Czarny, whose parents died in the Warsaw Ghetto, remembered after the war how at the age of 16 he was transferred to Treblinka where he spent 10 months: “When the Ukrainian Trawniki guards came to lock the door they used a board to push in the mass of flesh. We were crushed, crammed together, absolutely stuck together as one flesh. I remember some people going stark raving mad. They were drinking urine, they actually did that,″ Czarny added, and broke down crying. He later continued: ″I remember Hannah and Gita - two of my 3 sisters - crying out ‘Daddy, Daddy,’ but I couldn’t find them.″ While Josef survived Treblinka, his 3 sisters were murdered there immediately after arrival.
At Treblinka, the process of selection and murder was carefully planned and organized. Incoming trains of about 50 or 60 cars bound for the killing center first stopped at the Malkinia railway station. Twenty cars at a time were detached from the train and brought into the killing center. The guards ordered the victims to disembark in the reception area, which contained the railway siding and platform. One building erected on the platform was disguised as a railway station, complete with a wooden clock, timetables, destination signs and even a fake ticket office.
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Content
0.66 -> The Fall of 1941, German-occupied
Poland. Under the codename „Operation
6.18 -> Reinhard„ Nazi Germany implements a plan
to systematically murder 2 million Jews
11.82 -> residing in the so-called General Government.
This action marks the deadliest phase of Nazi
16.62 -> Germany’s intention to commit genocide
against the Jewish people and in the end,
20.94 -> approximately 1.5 million Jews will be
murdered under this operation in three
25.92 -> killing centers - Bełżec, Sobibor, and
Treblinka - which are opened in order
31.08 -> to achieve the goals of the operation.
One of the most infamous perpetrators of
35.4 -> this secret German plan responsible
for torturing men, women, children,
39.6 -> and babies before pushing them into the gas
chamber at the Treblinka death camp becomes
44.58 -> a man who for his cruelty will become known as
“Ivan the Terrible”. His name is Ivan Marchenko.
51.48 -> Ivan Marchenko was born on the 2nd of
March 1911, in the Ukrainian village of
56.76 -> Serhijowga then part of the Russian Empire.
Before the start of the Second World War,
61.68 -> Marchenko got married and became
a father of three children.
64.56 -> To support his family, he worked
as the miner in the village.
68.16 -> The Second World War began on the 1st of
September 1939 when Nazi Germany invaded
74.04 -> Poland. Britain and France stood by their
guarantee of Poland's border and declared
78.66 -> war on Germany 2 days later. However, Poland
found itself fighting a two front war when
84.12 -> the Soviet Union invaded the country from
the east on the 17th of September. The
88.86 -> Polish government fled the country that same
day and after heavy shelling and bombing,
92.7 -> Warsaw officially surrendered to the Germans on
the 28th of September 1939. In accordance with
99.18 -> the secret protocol to their non-aggression pact,
Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned Poland on
104.04 -> the 29th of September and the last resistance
of Polish units ended on the 6th of October.
108.96 -> Less than 2 years later on the 22nd of
June, 1941, Nazi Germany, under the codename
115.86 -> Operation Barbarossa, invades the Soviet
Union, its ally in the war against Poland.
121.56 -> Three army groups counting more than
3 million German soldiers attacked the
125.7 -> Soviet Union across a broad front stretching
from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black
129.9 -> Sea in the south. The soldiers were supported by
additional 650,000 troops from Germany’s allies.
135.84 -> In the first six weeks after the
German attack the Soviet Union
139.86 -> saw catastrophic military losses and
the German armies eventually captured
143.64 -> some 5,7 million Soviet Red Army
troops during the Second World War.
147.66 -> Among them was Ivan Marchenko who had entered
the Red Army infantry on the 27th of May 1941
154.62 -> and was captured by the Germans on
the 10th of July of the same year.
158.7 -> Some 3.3 million Soviet prisoners of war,
or about 57 percent of those taken prisoner,
164.16 -> were dead by the end of the
war. Second only to the Jews,
167.94 -> Soviet prisoners of war were the largest
group of victims of Nazi racial policy.
172.14 -> However, Marchenko was not
killed. Instead, he was sent to
176.28 -> a prisoner-of-war camp "A" in Chełm, Poland and
in October 1941, he was selected for Trawniki
182.7 -> camp, where the Nazis trained prisoners-of-war
to work as SS guards. SS and police officials
188.4 -> inducted, processed, and trained 2,500 auxiliary
police guards known as Trawniki men at Trawniki
193.14 -> training camp between September 1941
and September 1942. Virtually all of
200.7 -> them had been Soviet prisoners of war.
Deployment in the operations of the
204.9 -> "Final Solution" -which was the mass murder of
Europe’s Jews - became a key function of the
209.46 -> Trawniki-trained guards. The Trawniki men provided
the guard units for the Operation Reinhard killing
215.28 -> centers at Bełżec, Sobibor, and Treblinka.
German SS and police authorities deployed the
221.28 -> Trawniki men in the deportation operations from
both large and small ghettos in German-occupied
225.72 -> Poland and as escorts for the transport trains
from ghettos to the killing centers. Among the
231 -> ghettos in which Trawniki-trained guards were
deployed were also Warsaw, Lublin, and Krakow.
236.04 -> By February 1942, Ivan Marchenko was rounding
up Jews in Lublin for the death camps.
241.92 -> In May of 1942, Marchenko was sent to
Treblinka extermination camp which was
247.5 -> constructed in the summer of 1942.
It was the third killing center,
251.46 -> after Bełżec and Sobibor, established
by Operation Reinhard authorities.
256.14 -> Deportations to Treblinka came mainly from the
ghettos of Warsaw and Radom districts in the
261 -> General Government and continued until the spring
of 1943. Most prominent among the deportations
266.52 -> were the approximately 7,000 Jews transported
from the Warsaw ghetto after its liquidation
271.38 -> following the Warsaw ghetto uprising in 1943.
A Holocaust survivor Josef Czarny, whose parents
278.22 -> died in the Warsaw Ghetto, remembered after the
war how at the age of 16 he was transferred to
283.2 -> Treblinka where he spent 10 months: “When the
Ukrainian Trawniki guards came to lock the door
288.3 -> they used a board to push in the mass of flesh. We
were crushed, crammed together, absolutely stuck
295.38 -> together as one flesh. I remember some people
going stark raving mad. They were drinking urine,
301.68 -> they actually did that,″ Czarny added, and broke
down crying. He later continued: ″I remember
308.04 -> Hannah and Gita - two of my 3 sisters - crying
out ‘Daddy, Daddy,’ but I couldn’t find them.″
314.46 -> While Josef survived Treblinka, his 3 sisters
were murdered there immediately after arrival.
319.98 -> At Treblinka, the process of selection and
murder was carefully planned and organized.
325.38 -> Incoming trains of about 50 or 60 cars bound for
the killing center first stopped at the Malkinia
331.02 -> railway station. Twenty cars at a time were
detached from the train and brought into the
336 -> killing center. The guards ordered the victims to
disembark in the reception area, which contained
341.22 -> the railway siding and platform. One building
erected on the platform was disguised as a railway
346.14 -> station, complete with a wooden clock, timetables,
destination signs and even a fake ticket office.
352.56 -> German SS and police personnel announced that
the deportees had arrived at a transit camp
357.3 -> and they were required to hand over all
valuables. The reception area contained a
361.86 -> fenced-in "deportation square" with two barracks
in which deportees—with men separated from women
366.6 -> and children—had to undress. It also contained
large storerooms. This is where the possessions
372.12 -> relinquished by victims were sorted and stored
before being shipped to Germany via Lublin.
376.98 -> A camouflaged, fenced-in path led from
the reception area to the gas chamber,
381.42 -> located in the killing area. This was
known as the “tube”. Victims were forced
386.4 -> to run naked along this path to the gas
chambers, deceptively labeled as showers.
390.66 -> Once the chamber doors were sealed, a large diesel
engine installed outside the building pumped in
396.12 -> carbon monoxide exhaust fumes. Within 25 minutes
at the most, all lay stretched down dead or,
403.08 -> to be more accurate, were standing up dead
since there was not an inch of free space
407.46 -> as one Holocaust survivor remembered. The
dead bodies just leaned against each other.
412.2 -> During all this time, the Germans would
compete with the Trawniki guards in
416.64 -> brutality towards the people selected to die.
At each gas chamber there were 5 or 6 Germans
422.28 -> besides the motorists with their dogs. Motorists
were the Trawniki guards who operated the gas
427.2 -> chambers. With clubs and lashes they drove the
people into the corridor of the gas chambers.
432.06 -> After the war, Yehiel Reichman, a survivor
of Treblinka testified: “When guards didn’t
438 -> expect a new shipment of prisoners to arrive
for several days, they would seal victims
442.14 -> inside gas chambers to suffocate. The victims
would die by themselves. When they opened the
448.08 -> chambers 48 hours later, all the bodies were
black. Everything was one solid mass. I shudder
454.56 -> at how it was possible to have a two-legged
animal capable of perpetrating such deeds. ″
459.69 -> At the beginning the Nazis claimed to
be able to ‘process’ a train of around
463.74 -> 3,000 people in about three hours, reducing this
466.56 -> to around 30 mins later on as they refined
and mastered the horrors of mass genocide.
472.62 -> Victims who were too weak or ill to reach the gas
chambers on their own were told they would receive
477.06 -> medical attention. Members of the Sonderkommando,
which were groups of Jews forced to work in the
482.04 -> crematorium, carried them to a camouflaged
area, which was disguised as a small clinic
486.3 -> using a Red Cross flag. There, SS Corporal
Willi Mentz shot the victims in an open pit.
493.08 -> At Treblinka, Marchenko’s barbarism
earned him the nickname "Ivan Grozny,"
497.82 -> Polish for "Ivan the Terrible”.
As a motorist, while filling the
502.2 -> gas chambers he beat with a lash those condemned
to death, shouting, ‘Faster, faster, the water
508.68 -> will get cold, others still have to go under the
showers!’. While the motor was running he would
514.14 -> look through a window with a smile on his face to
see how the asphyxiation process was coming along.
518.88 -> Marchenko was an expert in killing people with the
water-pipe. After the war, his former colleague
525.18 -> testified how Marchenko, with one blow of
the pipe, killed a physically strong man.
529.56 -> Ivan Marchenko was also a sexual deviant.
With his sword he would stab women's
535.62 -> thighs and genitals on their way to the gas
chambers and sometimes he also raped them.
540.54 -> He frequently used his sword to cut off the
breasts of women as well as noses and ears.
546.12 -> The ears he would then nail to the walls. In
addition, he used to gouge out victims eyes.
553.08 -> At Treblinka, Ivan the Terrible had a dog that
would tear off parts of human bodies on command.
558.54 -> Marchenko would call to this dog, which was
trained to snap off genitals, and point at someone
563.94 -> and the dog would tear off the sexual organ,
and the blood would flow all over the place.
568.8 -> Another survivor of Treblinka, Pinhas Epstein
later testified “Ivan took special pleasure in
575.7 -> slashing pregnant women with a sword and in
splitting open skulls with an iron pipe. He
581.1 -> was insatiable. One day a young girl about 12 to
14 emerged alive from the gas chamber sobbing,
588.06 -> "I want my mother." Ivan turned to one of
the Jewish workers and ordered him to rape
593.16 -> her. The worker refused and so he and the
girl were taken to a burial pit and shot”.
598.8 -> On another occasion Marchenko was seen
grabbing an infant from a naked woman
602.94 -> before she entered a gas chamber and
″smash its skull against the wall.″
607.38 -> In early 1943, Jewish inmates organized
a resistance group. When camp operations
613.26 -> neared completion, the prisoners feared they
would be killed and the camp dismantled. During
618.18 -> the late spring and summer of 1943, the
resistance leaders decided to revolt and
623.1 -> on the 2nd of August 1943, prisoners quietly
seized weapons from the camp armory. However,
628.92 -> after they were discovered before they could take
over the camp, hundreds of prisoners stormed the
633.54 -> main gate in an attempt to escape. Many were
killed by machine-gun fire but more than 300 did
640.08 -> escape—though two-thirds of them were eventually
tracked down and killed by German SS and police,
645.3 -> as well as by military units. Surviving prisoners
were forced to dismantle the camp. They were
651.36 -> supervised by German SS and police personnel, who
were acting upon orders from Odilo Globocnik and
656.46 -> after completion of this job, the German SS
and police authorities shot the prisoners.
660.9 -> By the time the Treblinka killing center
was dismantled in the fall of 1943, the camp
666.24 -> personnel had murdered an estimated 925,000
Jews, as well as an unknown number of Poles,
672.24 -> Roma people, and Soviet prisoners of war.
All traces of the camp’s existence were
677.76 -> destroyed. Lupine flowers were sown on the
grounds, and an ethnic German farmer was
682.92 -> installed on the property to camouflage the
reality of what had occurred at this site.
686.7 -> After returning to Trawniki camp in August
1943, Marchenko left for the city of Trieste,
693 -> Italy, where he guarded German warehouses
at the port, guarded the Trieste prison
697.32 -> and took part in round-up of Italian
citizens for forced labour in Germany.
701.22 -> Marchenko was last seen coming out of a brothel
in the Adriatic city of Fiume in March 1945,
707.28 -> and joined up with Yugoslav partisans
to escape advancing Allied forces.
711.42 -> He was never heard from again and in the
end, he never faced justice for his crimes.
717.78 -> Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, John Demjanjuk,
720.96 -> a retired suburban Cleveland autoworker
of Ukrainian descent, was accused of being
725.4 -> Ivan the Terrible. He was tried in Israel
in 1988 and sentenced to death, but the
731.4 -> conviction was overturned after Soviet archives
identified Ivan Marchenko as Ivan the Terrible,
736.44 -> leading the Supreme Court of Israel to acquit
Demjanjuk in 1993 because of reasonable doubt.
743.16 -> There were no tears shed for Ivan Marchenko.
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