History of Britain in 20 Minutes

Aug 9, 2023

History of Britain in 20 Minutes

This is the entire history of Britain in a nutshell. From Anglo Saxons, Vikings, conquests, tea, the British empire, and current events

Follow US: https://twitter.com/VC3Production

How long did it take you to make this video?
Short answer: Too Bleeping Long (well over 100 hours as I had to remake this)
(I started in around December and research before then)

What software/equipment did you use to make this video?
After effects, Illustrator, Premier Pro, Audacity, Yeti microphone,

Believe it or not this is in a nutshell compared to the amount of research that went into this
Obviously we’ve simplified some events just for the sake of time and missed people and events that can be covered in other videos

Do people still read? Eh if your reading this then yes.

The rise and fall of the British empire.” By Lawrence James.
Scotland the story of a nation by Magnus Magnusson
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles by Michael Swanton
“England’s Glorious Revolution 1688-1689: A Brief History with Documents” by Steven C. A. Pincus
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/e…
https://ig.ft.com/sites/numbers/econo…
https://www.amazon.com/Wars-Roses-Ali…

Additional notes/video errors
2.06 3.13 the grey areas show how different the Britain coastline was back then
Bengal is a region not a city
At 18:42 the map doesn’t show the full extent of British rule in India

Music Used:
All music by Kevin Macleod (incompetech.com) licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/…
Local Forecast – Elevator
All this

Amazing music by Derek \u0026 Brandon Fiechter
   / @derekbrandonfiechter
   • Medieval Music - Sir Percival

Amazing music by Alexander Nakarada
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/…
https://soundcloud.com/serpentsoundst…
   • วิดีโอ

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/…
Amazing music by Ross Bugden
   / @rossbugden
Epic and Dramatic Trailer Music ♪♬ - Olympus
   • ♩♫ Epic and Dramatic Trailer Music ♪♬…
Dramatic Apocalyptic Music ♪♬ - The Wasteland
   • ♩♫ Dramatic Apocalyptic Music ♪♬ - Th…
House Targaryen Theme - Game of Thrones Season 4
   • House Targaryen Theme - Game of Thron…

Amazing music by MultiMusic
Multi - Imperium
   • [Copyright Free Music] Multi - Imperium

Content

7.069 -> the United Kingdom is a nation located in the British Isles made up of England

12.48 -> Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland

18.619 -> thousands of years ago the Isles were inhabited by long-forgotten pre-celtic

22.83 -> people known as the beaker culture named for their distinctive pottery beakers

28.73 -> little is known of them but it has been suggested that these people laid the

32.88 -> foundations for the mysterious stonehenge a series of heavy standing

37.649 -> stones which were transported from 150 miles away and arranged to form a

42.54 -> calendar marking the days of the summer and winter solstice over time waves of

48.629 -> Celtic speaking people arrived from the European continent who soon came to form

53.25 -> the brittonic Gaelic and Pictish people these people were not a unified people

58.789 -> but were rather many tribes who shared a similar pagan religion language and

63.989 -> culture the Romans invaded conquering what's now England and Wales but failed

69.96 -> to conquer the Pictish tribes to the north the Romans launched several

74.34 -> campaigns into this land they called Caledonia however their fortifications

79.74 -> were soon overrun and abandoned and they retreated to Hadrian's Wall their

85.17 -> conquered lands were incorporated into the Roman Empire becoming the province

89.189 -> of Britannia they brought Roman customs and laws

92.43 -> improved infrastructure and connected many towns and cities with Roman roads

97.159 -> when the Romans left there was a great migration of Germanic tribes these were

103.079 -> the Jutes Angles and Saxons with their language Old English their settlement

108.84 -> pushed many Britons to areas in Wales Brittany and a kingdom known as Domino

113.159 -> Nia while Scotland eventually evolved into four kingdoms thus most of these

118.439 -> were the Scots who were originally from Ireland the Britons of Strathclyde the

122.67 -> anglo-saxon kingdom of Benicia and the pics of Alba

126.57 -> for unknown reasons the Jutes disappeared from history but the Angles

130.619 -> and Saxons eventually formed Seven Kingdoms Wessex Sussex Kent Essex East

138.09 -> Anglia Murcia and Benicia became Northumbria after the collapse of Domino

143.61 -> Nia the remaining territory of Cornwall fought against the powerful kingdom of

147.54 -> Wessex corn will eventually fall under the control of Wessex but it managed to

151.83 -> keep its own culture Wales at this point was also made up of several separate

156.63 -> kingdoms the largest being Gwynedd in the North poets in the East and differed

161.58 -> to the south the British Isles soon saw numerous Norse raiders from Scandinavia

167.13 -> these were the Vikings and they began settlement on many of the Scottish Isles

171.54 -> the Isle of Man and they even founded the city of Dublin in Ireland the Scots

177.03 -> in the pics then decided to unite under Kenneth MacAlpine to form the Kingdom of

181.47 -> Alba the kingdom of albergue grew strong over the years and eventually

185.37 -> Strathclyde was bought into the fault meanwhile Danish Vikings arrived in the

190.38 -> Anglo Saxon kingdoms for conquest after fighting the king of Wessex Alfred the

195.269 -> Great the Danelaw was formed a land where the laws of the Danes held

199.2 -> influence over the anglo-saxons controlling the region and its affairs

204.17 -> the anglo-saxons eventually defeated the last Viking king of York Erich blood

209.28 -> acts and Athelstan became the first king of the English although the newly formed

214.86 -> Kingdom of Denmark would conquer England and even found a short-lived Danish

219.03 -> dynasty under Knut the Norseman had a dramatic impact on the Isles so it's no

224.64 -> wonder some words in the English language have Norse origin after

228.87 -> defeating formidable sea Raiders from Ireland the Western Isles Scandinavia

233.79 -> and anglo-saxon forces from Murcia were fed up Llewellyn's subdued his rivals in

238.799 -> southwest Wales Llewellyn became the only Welsh King ever to rule over the

244.03 -> entire territory of Wales he was defeated by the English Earl Harold

248.56 -> Godwinson and killed by his own men leading to the Welsh kingdoms splitting

252.94 -> apart once more at the death of Edward the Confessor there was a succession

258.01 -> dispute between four claimants Harold Godwinson was elected as king and

262.24 -> managed to defend England from an invasion by the Norwegian King Harald

266.26 -> Hardrada however Howard had semaj his army south to defend against yook

271.69 -> William of Normandy who could cross the English Channel according to tradition

276.43 -> at the Battle of Hastings Harald was killed by an arrow to the eye and the

279.97 -> Norman invaders were victorious the new King William defeated a number of

284.65 -> rebellions built a new design of castles called moats and Bailey's and introduced

288.79 -> a number of reforms like trial by combat and the Domesday book the Norman dynasty

294.16 -> invaded into South Wales and parts of Ireland creating the lordship of Ireland

298.53 -> at court Nobles spoken conducted sessions in the anglo-norman language

303.15 -> which endured for centuries and left an incredible mark in development of modern

307.72 -> English after a brief Civil War henry ii would

311.59 -> marry Eleanor of Aquitaine establishing the Angevin Empire beginning a long

316.3 -> rivalry against France Richard the Lionheart defended much of this

320.53 -> territory and also became a central Christian commander during the Third

324.25 -> Crusade achieving considerable victories against his Muslim counterparts Saladin

329.47 -> under king john heavy taxes were imposed on his barons in order to pay for his

334.63 -> expensive Foreign Wars the Baron's rebelled and forced John to sign the

339.1 -> Magna Carta a charter that established the principle that everyone was subject

343.81 -> to the law even the king guaranteeing the rights of individuals the right to

348.4 -> justice and the right to a fair trial most of North Wales remained

353.32 -> independently ruled by several Welsh princes until twelve sixteen when

357.729 -> Llewellyn the Great became the ruler of the Principality of Wales this would be

361.81 -> the case until it but the first who conquered Wales in 1284 effectively

366.4 -> becoming parts England at the death of King Alexander the third

370.589 -> Scotland was left with 14 rivals for succession to prevent civil war the

375.449 -> Scottish magnates asked Edward the first of England to elect a claimant John

380.61 -> Balliol was elected King but was constantly undermined by Edward who

384.33 -> opposed Scottish independence Edward decided to launch several campaigns to

389.189 -> conquer Scotland and depose King John to which he acquired the nickname hammer of

393.809 -> the Scots under a brave Scottish Knight William Wallace the Scots mounted

398.219 -> resistance against the English defeating them at the Battle of Stirling Bridge

401.839 -> Edward marched north in person and defeated Wallace in battle but Wallace

406.379 -> managed to escape he was later captured and executed but his efforts allowed

410.999 -> Robert the Bruce to rise up and defeat the English securing Scottish

414.87 -> independence when the King of France died without an heir Edward the third

419.669 -> was technically eligible to the crown through his mother the French Court

423.599 -> denied his claim and instead installed Philip of Valois Edward paid homage to

428.58 -> Philip as he owned the lands of Gascony and was essentially a vassal to the King

432.539 -> of France due to disagreements Edward reasserted

435.87 -> his claim to the throne and invaded France beginning the Hundred Years War

440.419 -> the English achieved notable victories at the Battle of Crecy Poitiers and

445.11 -> Agincourt thanks to the technical superiority of the longbow but was

449.339 -> unable to conquer the French with the appearance of Joan of Arc who lifted the

453.27 -> French spirit and turned the tide of the war upon the death of Edward the third

457.469 -> an entire generation was skipped in the line of succession which prompted bitter

461.699 -> rivalry between several claimants most notably were the houses of York and

466.68 -> Lancaster tensions were high until a bloody age of warfare erupted between

471.12 -> these two factions in the Wars of the Roses it's so in-depth and complicated

476.219 -> this period would likely become a video of its own the wars ended with the

480.389 -> arrival of the Tudor dynasty Henry the eighth wanting a divorce split with the

484.559 -> church creating his own Church of England this ultimately led to a series

489.209 -> of religious differences between future English monarchs in between his six

493.379 -> wives and naval adventures Henry gave Wales representation in Parliament and

497.819 -> created the kingdom of Ireland but realistically he only

501.66 -> controlled an area known as the pale in addition Henry's paranoia and suspicion

506.25 -> amounted to tens of thousands of executions including his friends and

510.21 -> wives during the 16th century the largest of most powerful Empire was

515.669 -> Spain under king philip ii england under Elizabeth the first were helping Dutch

521.34 -> rebels reject Spanish rule and many English privateers were also

525.42 -> intercepting Spanish silver on its journey back from the new world this

530.1 -> angered the spanish king and the final straw came when Elizabeth had Mary Queen

534.27 -> of Scots executed because she did not want Scotland falling under Catholicism

539.49 -> the Spanish Armada consisting of 130 ships was deployed to invade England at

545.04 -> the Battle of Gravelines and English victory forced the Spanish fleet to sail

548.67 -> around the British Isles before storms in the north of Scotland destroyed the

552.93 -> remaining ships in metallian the english led by Sir Francis Drake amassed their

558.03 -> own Armada to invade Spain but this too became a failed endeavor born in this

563.4 -> period William Shakespeare became a renowned poet playwright and actor who

568.08 -> contributed significantly to English literature when Queen Elizabeth of

572.52 -> England died without an heir her closest male relative was James the sixth of

576.33 -> Scotland James was elected as King of England and

578.94 -> Scotland in a personal Union although the country's remain separate

583.14 -> political entities as the first monarch to rule the entire island of Great

587.58 -> Britain several assassination attempts were made by Catholic conspirators one

592.47 -> such assassination attempt was the Gunpowder Plot by Guy Fawkes who tried

596.64 -> to blow at Parliament's after a failed colony known as Roanoke England

601.59 -> established a successful colony known as Jamestown which would eventually evolved

605.76 -> into the 13 colonies at first expeditions to the new world were mainly

610.77 -> driven by religious motives which were predominantly to convert the natives to

614.88 -> their faith but colonies became more profitable as demand for new world crops

619.83 -> like tobacco and sugar increased British ships also made a monopoly on the

624.33 -> transportation of captive African slaves that crossed the Atlantic to the

628.11 -> Americas millions of Africans were shipped in cramped horrific conditions

632.85 -> to work on brutal plantation in the Americas and essentially became

637.17 -> property to their masters for 300 years this practice continued in the British

641.88 -> Empire until it was fully abolished in 1833 this period also saw a wave of

647.31 -> plantations in Ireland where Irish lands were confiscated and given to English

651.51 -> and Scottish settlers tensions would rise between Charles the first and

655.56 -> Parliament following disagreements conflicts between Royal and

659.04 -> parliamentary authority within England led to the English Civil War the country

663.42 -> became divided between parliamentarians known as the Roundheads and Royalists

667.8 -> known as the Cavaliers under Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army the

671.88 -> parliamentarians defeated Charles and executed him for treason cromwell became

676.649 -> Lord Protector and dissolved the monarchy but shortly after his death it

680.579 -> was restored under charles ii charles ii married Catherine of Braganza and when

686.639 -> she arrived from Portugal she introduced the greatest beverage of all the time TEA

692.029 -> Tea had been used by China for centuries but its arrival in the 17th century

696.57 -> captured the interest of the English aristocracy and soon captivated every

701.67 -> other Englishman in 1685 a catholic James ii became king in a largely

707.43 -> Protestant nation James's daughter Mary and her Dutch husband William would both

712.56 -> Protestant and many Nobles unhappy with the Catholic King invited William to

717.089 -> become King William found considerable support when he invaded and he was soon

722.04 -> crowned King William the third in what became known as the Glorious Revolution

726.709 -> although Williams supporters dominated the government there remained a

730.89 -> significant following for James ii in the scottish highlands clan MacDonald of

736.019 -> Glencoe was one such group who had not been prompt in pledging allegiance to

739.829 -> the new monarch for this reason alone 38 members of the clan were murdered in

744.24 -> what became known as the massacre of Glencoe after Scotland's failed colonial

748.8 -> endeavours in Nova Scotia and Panama and an economic crisis in the 1690s there

754.26 -> was a union between England and Scotland forming the United Kingdom of Great

758.31 -> Britain the House of Stuart's had ruled Britain for just over a century but

762.779 -> ended with the death of Queen Anne Sophia of Hanover

766.57 -> the granddaughter of James the first and her son George became King Great Britain

772.27 -> soon found itself drawn into several European Wars most notable being the war

777.16 -> of the Spanish Succession and the Seven Years War victories in these Wars

781.9 -> resulted in territory for the Empire particularly in North America although

785.95 -> it resulted in considerable debts in order to make up for this debt King

790.6 -> George the third ordered heavy taxes be placed on the thirteen colonies this

795.46 -> among other reasons culminated into the American War of Independence and with

800.08 -> financial help from France and Spain the Americans were victorious the East

804.85 -> India Company which was founded by Elizabeth the first had grown rapidly

808.63 -> and even operated its own military and controlled a sizable amount of territory

814.05 -> the company had set up fortified warehouses where they traded with many

818.68 -> India rulers acquiring important luxuries like

821.47 -> textiles and spices one of the most important cities of all was Bengal as it

828.13 -> had a large taxable population the governor of Bengal robert clive ordered

832.84 -> that the population grow opium to export to China instead of growing food as it

837.46 -> proved to be a great source of income however when a famine struck it resulted

842.29 -> in the deaths of millions of people meanwhile Captain James Cook arrived at

847.78 -> New Zealand and the southeast coast of Australia although he wasn't the first

851.98 -> to discover the area because of past Portuguese and Dutch explorers however

856.93 -> unlike the Dutch of Portuguese Britain claimed as their new penal colony known

861.61 -> as New South Wales with the first convicts arriving in 1778 a new threats

867.4 -> had emerged from France French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte

871.8 -> Music

880.42 -> Napoleon had come to dominate most of Europe but Britain's advantage was that

884.84 -> she was an island and the Royal Navy had become a major force at sea invasion of

889.55 -> Britain was near impossible and in a series of coalition's Napoleon was

893.36 -> defeated by the end of the Napoleonic Wars Britain was growing rapidly into a

898.19 -> superpower based on their supremacy of naval engineering furthermore in Ireland

903.74 -> the great famine struck a disease killing potato plants Ireland which had

910.37 -> merged with Britain relied heavily on this crop for food but the British

914.9 -> government forced Ireland to export what little food they had to other areas

919.06 -> without any aid or food Ireland's population plummeted by half due to

924.32 -> starvation and emigration to countries like the United States things weren't

930.77 -> looking so great in India either as India was rebelling against company rule

935 -> the East India Company had employed many Indian soldiers known as sepoys who

940.339 -> were under the command of British soldiers these sepoys grew increasingly

944.18 -> unhappy and a revolt soon occurred yet it quickly failed due to a lack of unity

949.58 -> between Indians after the rebellion the British government took direct control

953.75 -> with Queen Victoria being declared Empress of India during the 19th century

959.33 -> the world was forever changed by the Industrial Revolution society was

963.23 -> transformed by technological advances and increasing mechanization and would

967.52 -> launch Britain to global dominance some of the greatest innovations and

971.78 -> inventions were the sewing machine the fire extinguisher steam powered engines

976.16 -> and turbines the electric motor and photography The Telegraph was also a

980.72 -> major invention as a message could now be sent from Britain to India in a

984.29 -> matter of hours the establishment of railways and trains also transformed

988.49 -> transport forever instead of travelling days by horse and carriage it now only

992.36 -> took a matter of hours by train engineering and communication advance is

996.77 -> not only United the Empire they triggered a manufacturing boom like no

1000.64 -> other people flocked from rural areas to city centres for jobs

1004.57 -> productivity reached an all-time high but the consequences of mass migration

1008.77 -> resulted in extremely cramped and polluted

1011.11 -> cities however with these problems that were generated it resulted in an

1015.82 -> improved sewage system Newcastle focused on shipbuilding

1020.43 -> Manchester the cotton industry Liverpool became a major trading centre

1024.939 -> Middlesbrough fixated itself on iron and steel works the presence of iron ore

1029.89 -> limestone and large coal deposits in the West Midlands and southeast Wales

1033.79 -> prompted the establishment of ironworks and Scotland boomed in the linen

1037.87 -> industry the Victorian era also saw a major change in society as families from

1043.689 -> the poorest backgrounds gained access to education although it was much stricter

1047.89 -> than today's standards the 1860s also saw the rise of the greatest food

1053.26 -> combination ever fish and chips towards the end of the 19th century European

1059.89 -> powers came together at the Berlin conference to divide Africa between them

1063.97 -> a group in South Africa known as the Boers who originally Dutch settlers

1068.169 -> proved difficult for the British the Boers lived in two nations the free

1073.36 -> orange states and the Republic of Transvaal and both resisted British rule

1078.1 -> using guerilla warfare to counter this the British placed many women and

1082.51 -> children in their tens of thousands into concentration camps when many died from

1087.01 -> starvation and disease Britain became a major player in the First World War and

1092.23 -> many men proudly volunteered to serve and protect their country the Great War

1097.179 -> as it was called saw the use of new technology such as dreadnoughts

1100.929 -> warplanes artillery machine guns grenades chemical weapons

1105.97 -> bolt-action rifles and the first use of the tank many faced horrific conditions

1111.309 -> in the trenches and witness groups of battles millions died and many returned

1116.08 -> home shell shocked by what they had seen the Empire reached its territorial

1120.79 -> heights in 1921 after gaining territory from Germany and the crumbling Ottoman

1125.83 -> Empire the Empire now ruled over 400 million people and controlled one

1130.96 -> quarter of the world's land mass but the reality was Britain could no longer

1134.98 -> afford to build bases or ships to defend its empire as it had before

1139.52 -> 19:14 Ireland finally managed to break away from British rule and formed the

1144.59 -> Irish free states and shortly after became a republic the Second World War

1149.72 -> was more brutal and horrific than the first most of Europe had fallen under

1154.46 -> German occupation and under Prime Minister Winston Churchill Britain stood

1158.78 -> strong during the Battle of Britain and the Blitz Britain were extremely

1163.52 -> successful at intercepting and decoding enemy communications with the likes of

1168.17 -> Alan Turing who cracked the German Enigma code the war ended with an allied

1173.3 -> victory but many nations within the Empire felt a desire for independence

1176.87 -> and it was clear the Empire was about to break India was one such nation who were

1182.33 -> ready to declare their independence Mohandas Gandhi practiced a nonviolent

1186.32 -> approach and this proved successful are shortly after India gained independence

1192.07 -> the Commonwealth of Nations was formed to improve relations and economic ties

1196.79 -> with former colonies this still remains today with 53 members united by language

1202.55 -> history culture and shared values of democracy the British Empire officially

1208.01 -> ended with Hong Kong Britain's last colony being handed over to China in

1212.45 -> 1997 the Empire committed many atrocities on many different people

1217.88 -> imposing their culture and civilization while often wiping out native ones on

1223.21 -> the other hand this brought about globalization and the uniting of the

1227.81 -> modern world and without such innovations and industrialization the

1232.16 -> world might have been a very different place the United Kingdom suffered a

1236.48 -> small economic recession in 2008 but has since recovered it is a multicultural

1241.91 -> society with each region retaining a presence of its history and culture if

1246.95 -> you ever visit look out for the Welsh cake the haggis the whiskey the Chelsea

1252.56 -> bun the par mo the Cumberland sausage the Yorkshire pudding or the Cornish

1257.3 -> pasty the UK remains a member of NATO United

1262.02 -> Nations and the World Trade Organization and uses the pound currency in 2016 a

1268.65 -> referendum resulted in 51.9% of voters in favor to leave the European Union

1274.19 -> although the countries within the United Kingdom became divided on the matter

1278.4 -> leading to the many questions of its future unity thank you for watching

1284.61 -> let us know your thoughts in the comments like subscribe follow us on

1288.18 -> Twitter support us on patreon have a good one

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcnSsEVsrf0