The history of football - Summary on a Map
The history of football - Summary on a Map
The history of football, from the first ball games until today.
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Support the channel on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/geohistory
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English translation \u0026 voiceover: Matthew Bates https://www.epicvoiceover.com/
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Original French version: • L’histoire du football ⚽ - Résumé sur…
Russian version: • Футбол - история на карте
Arabic version: Coming soon
Spanish version: • El fútbol - historia y evolución con …
Portuguese version (Brazil): • FUTEBOL: A história no mapa
Japanese version: • サッカーの歴史
Korean version: • 지도로 보는 축구의 역사 - 구기경기부터 현대축구까지
German version: • Die Geschichte des Fußballs ⚽ - Zusam…
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Music: Illusions - Anno Domini Beats
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Software: Adobe After Effects
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Chapters
00:00 First ball games known
01:37 Birth of Football
03:48 World expansion
04:55 internationalization
07:03 The FIFA World Cup
08:32 Effervescence
10:32 The continental confederations
12:33 Tensions
14:30 The Football Business
16:19 New nations
18:22 Scandals
#geohistory #history #football #soccer #worldcup
Content
0.24 -> We start around the 3rd century BC.
3.504 -> In China, Cuju is played, one of the oldest known ball games.
8.026 -> Two teams compete around a ball filled with feathers that must be sent into a net without using the hands.
14.704 -> In Ancient Greece, Episkyros, another ball sport, is played between two teams of 12 to 14 players.
22.2 -> The goal of this game is to send
the ball over the opponent's line using hands and feet.
27.715 -> The Romans based their game Harpastum on this sport.
31.427 -> In Harpastum, two teams each try to keep the ball in their own camp as long as possible,
37.174 -> again using hands and feet.
39.029 -> Elsewhere in the world, many ball games are played with local rules.
43.439 -> Around the 12th century, in northwestern France and the British Isles,
47.705 -> a ball game is played that is called Soule in French and Mob Football in English.
53.17 -> The rules vary slightly from one region to another.
56.786 -> Globally, a match pits two villages, two parishes, or simply two teams against each others,
63.327 -> which can be composed of several tens of players.
66.673 -> The goal is to drop the ball into the
camp of the opposing team.
70.663 -> This can be in front of the local church door, in front of a wall, or even sometimes in a pond.
77.003 -> The ball can be played with both the feet and hands.
79.973 -> Most often, it ends in violent free-for-alls.
83.859 -> In 1579 in Chesterton, a match between Cambridge University students and villagers got out of hand.
91.024 -> As a result, Cambridge students thereafter only played on their own university field.
100.5 -> At the beginning of the 19th century in British colleges and universities,
105.2 -> team sports are seen as a good way to train young people in discipline, team spirit, and leadership.
111.39 -> At the same time, the industrial revolution and the advent
of the railroad facilitate exchanges.
117.42 -> The idea of organizing inter-university matches appears,
121.476 -> but each team plays with its own rules, and the first meetings are confused,
126.157 -> especially between teams that mainly favor dribbling, i.e., playing with the feet,
131.629 -> and those that mainly favor
handling, i.e., playing with the hands.
135.845 -> For a successful match, it therefore becomes necessary to either negotiate the rules beforehand,
141.96 -> or to divide the match into two half-times and to play with the rules of each team for one half.
148.263 -> In Cambridge, students from different universities meet regularly to try to establish common rules.
154.426 -> In 1857, the Sheffield Football Club is founded as the first independent club in history,
161.516 -> i.e., not linked to a university or institution.
164.946 -> The club plays under its own rules, which are similar to modern football.
169.72 -> In 1863, new and more detailed Cambridge rules are published.
174.865 -> But just a few days later, the newly formed Football Association,
178.899 -> which represents 11 London clubs and
is the first federation in history,
183.854 -> publishes its own rules inspired by the
Cambridge rules.
187.888 -> The clubs that favor handling, seeing the rules evolve towards dribbling,
192.474 -> come together in 1871 to found the Rugby Football Union.
196.926 -> This marks the break between Rugby Football and the Football Association,
201.793 -> which is today more commonly known as simply Football or Soccer.
206.793 -> The same year, the Football Association organizes the first FA Cup.
211.98 -> The matches last 90 minutes and feature two teams of 11 players – including, for the first time, a goalkeeper.
219.58 -> In 1872, the first international match between England and Scotland
takes place
225.75 -> and ends in a draw, 0 to 0.
232.5 -> At that time, the United Kingdom is the leading economic and colonial power in the world.
238.259 -> British nationals are sent all around the world to serve the Empire.
242.658 -> Railway workers in Latin America, students in Switzerland, or simply
British communities
248.579 -> found clubs around the world to play Football Association, Rugby Football, or sometimes a combination of both.
255.96 -> In 1881, the first international women's game takes place between England and Scotland.
262.441 -> But the fact that women are playing football is frowned upon,
265.919 -> and during the return match, a crowd attacks the players, forcing them to flee in their omnibus.
272.7 -> Around the world, the sport
becomes increasingly popular,
276.6 -> and many new clubs and federations are created.
280.224 -> In 1902, the first international matches outside the United Kingdom are held.
285.46 -> Argentina beats Uruguay 6-0 in one match,
289.534 -> and in the other, the Austrian team wins 5-0 against the Hungarian team.
299.16 -> In 1904, the “Fédération Internationale
de Football Association”, or FIFA, is founded in Paris.
306.964 -> At first, it brings together 7 countries, with its role being to organize international matches.
313.27 -> More nations quickly join FIFA.
316.048 -> However, France is opposed to England's application
319.418 -> because it wants each country to be represented by a single federation.
323.591 -> The United Kingdom has the four oldest federations in history, and they don’t want to merge.
329.342 -> Finally, after a vote, England is admitted separately.
333.281 -> In 1908 at the London Olympic Games, Football is officially admitted for the first time.
339.768 -> Professionalism being then forbidden at the Olympic Games,
343.519 -> it is the England national amateur football team which represents the country, and which wins the gold medal.
350.56 -> In 1910, FIFA exceptionally accepts
the applications of Scotland, Wales, and Ireland.
356.541 -> The four British Federations could therefore play international matches,
360.857 -> but at the Olympic Games, only the England amateur team could represent the country.
366.467 -> In 1912 at the Olympic Games in Stockholm, it wins again.
370.963 -> In 1916, during World War I, Argentina celebrates its 100 years of independence
378.054 -> by organizing a Football tournament with Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay.
382.874 -> On this occasion, CONMEBOL, the
first continental confederation, is founded.
388.157 -> In 1920, during the Antwerp Olympic Games,
391.539 -> in which Egypt is the first non-European country to participate, Belgium wins,
396.865 -> and in 1924 in Paris, Uruguay wins the gold medal in its first participation.
402.893 -> Football becomes so popular that many leagues become professional and, as a result,
408.504 -> more and more players could no longer represent their country at the Olympic Games,
413.187 -> which remains reserved for amateurs.
415.408 -> FIFA then thinks of creating its own international competition, which would consist of professional teams.
426.48 -> In 1928, during the Olympic Games in Amsterdam,
429.679 -> FIFA announces its project to create its own World Cup.
433.856 -> Uruguay, after its new victory at the Olympic Games,
437.057 -> is chosen to host the first World Cup, which would take place in 1930,
442.151 -> on the occasion of the centenary of the country's independence.
445.756 -> Uruguay undertakes to build a new stadium for the occasion.
449.512 -> But in Europe, the players and federations have little interest in this event,
453.92 -> especially since it takes about 2 weeks by ship to reach Uruguay, and therefore the entire trip will take 2 months.
461.243 -> After many negotiations, only 4 European countries agree to participate.
466.622 -> The World Cup final is played between Uruguay and Argentina,
470.981 -> whose rivalry is so strong that a referee can be found only a few hours before the match,
477.056 -> and who agrees to adjudicate the match only if he is protected.
481.742 -> Both teams come with their own ball.
484.138 -> One half is played with the Argentine ball, the other with the Uruguayan.
488.867 -> Uruguay wins 4-2.
491.141 -> Four years later, it is the turn of Mussolini's fascist Italy to host the World Cup,
496.513 -> which is the first to be broadcast live on the radio.
499.992 -> Uruguay chooses not to participate in response to the lack of interest shown by European countries for its cup.
507.17 -> In the final, Italy wins against Czechoslovakia 2 to 1.
515.172 -> In 1936, FIFA chooses to play the next World Cup in France,
520.206 -> which provokes the anger of Latin American countries
523.375 -> who want the cup to be played alternately between the two continents.
527.31 -> Uruguay and Argentina decide then not to participate.
531.109 -> Spain, which is in the middle of a civil war, does not participate either,
535.882 -> and a few months before the Cup, Austria, which had qualified, is annexed by Nazi Germany.
542.302 -> In the final, Italy retains its title by beating Hungary 4-2.
547.024 -> World War II then brings the competition to a halt for the next 12 years.
552.727 -> The World Cup resumes in 1950 in Brazil.
556.068 -> Germany and Japan, which are occupied, are not allowed to participate.
560.845 -> In addition, at the beginning of the Cold War, the countries of the Eastern bloc do not participate either.
567.007 -> Only 13 countries play in the finals, including England, which was previously in conflict with FIFA,
573.635 -> and participates for the first time.
575.902 -> But to everyone's surprise, England is eliminated in the group stage after losing to the United States and Spain.
583.777 -> This is the only World Cup that does not end with a final, but with a finalist group.
589.479 -> By chance, the two favorites, Uruguay and Brazil, face each other in the last match,
595.352 -> which is played in the brand new Maracanã Stadium, with a record capacity of 200,000 spectators.
602.977 -> A draw would be enough for Brazil
to be champion.
606.081 -> However, Uruguay wins 2-1 in front of a stunned Brazilian audience.
611.18 -> Four years later, Switzerland hosts the competition, which is the first to be broadcast on television.
617.948 -> Hungary, which is undefeated for 31 games, is the favorite.
622.357 -> However, to everyone's surprise, West Germany narrowly wins the final,
627.318 -> thanks to a goal scored in the final minutes of the game.
634.93 -> In 1954, the Asian Football Confederation,
638.51 -> and the Union of European Football Associations – or UEFA – are founded.
643.835 -> The following year, the first European Champion Clubs' Cup is organized,
648.379 -> the predecessor of the prestigious Champions League.
651.993 -> Finally, in 1957, in the context of decolonization,
656.806 -> the Confederation of African Football is founded by Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, and South Africa.
663.762 -> But the latter is disqualified from the first African Cup
667.946 -> because the country practices apartheid, and do not have a multiracial team.
672.936 -> In 1958, Sweden hosts the World Cup.
676.55 -> It is the only time in which the 4 British federations participate,
680.72 -> and it is the first participation of the USSR.
684.242 -> The Brazilian team dominates thanks to its new 17-year-old star, Edson Arantes do Nascimento,
692.03 -> better known as Pele, and who will come to be known as one of the greatest footballers in history.
698.834 -> In the final, he scores two goals against Sweden, giving Brazil its first title.
704.165 -> In 1961, the Confederation of North, Central America, and Caribbean Association Football is founded.
711.948 -> The following year, during the World Cup in Chile,
714.96 -> Brazil retains its title by beating Czechoslovakia 3-1.
719.924 -> In 1963, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Football Association,
725.807 -> a match is organized at Wembley Stadium between England and a FIFA world selection.
730.863 -> England wins 2-1.
733.041 -> Three years later, England hosts the World Cup.
735.824 -> The competition is marked by the
first participation of North Korea,
739.723 -> which is not recognized by the United Kingdom, this being the case since the Korean War.
745.423 -> England wins the final against West Germany.
748.394 -> The same year, the Oceania Football Confederation is founded.
757.135 -> In 1969, in Central America, while the rivalry is strong between El Salvador and Honduras,
764.098 -> the two countries have to play three qualifying matches for the next World Cup.
768.962 -> At the end of the games, under high tension and after some scuffles,
773.321 -> a short war of 100 hours breaks out between the two countries, resulting in 3000 casualties.
780.929 -> The following year, in 1970, Mexico organizes the World Cup,
785.654 -> which is the first to be broadcast
in color on television.
789.457 -> For better visibility on screen, Adidas creates the famous Telstar ball, with its black and white design.
796.547 -> This is also the first cup played with the yellow and red cards.
800.206 -> In the final, Brazil wins against Italy
803.434 -> and therefore can keep the prestigious Jules Rimet Cup,
807.094 -> which was intended to end up in the first country to win 3 World Cups.
811.777 -> FIFA then creates a new trophy that can only stay for a short time with future champions.
817.848 -> In 1974, in the middle of the Cold War, West Germany hosts the World Cup,
823.583 -> including in West Berlin, with the Berlin Wall, of course, still dividing the city.
829.102 -> On this occasion, the only match in history between West and East Germany takes place.
834.525 -> In the final, West Germany wins against the Netherlands.
838.374 -> In 1976, just as Argentina is preparing to host the next World Cup,
844.032 -> a coup d'état takes place, and a military dictatorship seizes power.
848.899 -> Despite the controversy, the country still organizes and hosts the World Cup,
854.041 -> but the event is marked by a series of suspicions of cheating in favor of Argentina,
859.374 -> which is allowed to play its matches
in staggered order,
862.806 -> thus having the advantage of knowing the scores of the other matches.
866.698 -> Argentina wins the final against the Netherlands.
873.91 -> Football becomes more and more popular in the world,
877.58 -> generating more and more money through ticket sales, TV rights, merchandising, and advertising.
883.605 -> Clubs are getting richer and attracting more and bigger investors, while the value of players is rising.
890.52 -> In 1982, FC Barcelona buys the new Argentine star Diego Maradona for a record amount of roughly 7 million euros.
900.567 -> That same year, post-Franco Spain hosts the World Cup,
904.46 -> which is the first to be played by 24 teams, and which is seen by 1 billion viewers worldwide.
911.315 -> The event is marred by the match between West Germany and Austria,
915.299 -> which is called the “Disgrace of Gijón”.
918.685 -> After a German goal, the two teams who are sure to be qualified,
922.208 -> slow down their game, eliminating Algeria.
925.964 -> On the other hand, France and West Germany face each other in a match full of twists,
930.87 -> and it is the first of the competition to
end in Penalty shoot-out.
935.411 -> In the final, Italy wins against West Germany.
938.606 -> In 1986, Mexico hosts the World Cup again, replacing Colombia, which had withdrawn.
945.231 -> Diego Maradona is at the top of his game.
948.665 -> During a match between Argentina and England,
951.587 -> he scores a goal with his hand that is validated nonetheless, and becomes known as “the hand of God”.
958.546 -> Four minutes later, he scores one of the most beautiful goals in history,
963.502 -> which comes to be known as “the Goal of the Century”.
967.163 -> In the final, Argentina wins against West Germany.
971.056 -> Four years later, during the World Cup in Italy,
974.165 -> West Germany takes its revenge by
beating Argentina in the final.
982.872 -> In 1991, the first Women's World Cup is held in China,
987.386 -> and is won by the US team.
989.89 -> Three years later, the United States organizes the World Cup.
993.555 -> A reunified Germany participates for the first time,
997.212 -> as well as Russia after the fall of the USSR.
1000.688 -> The final between Brazil and Italy is the first final to end in Penalty shoot-out.
1005.838 -> Brazil wins 3-2.
1007.878 -> In 1998, France organizes the first World Cup played with 32 teams.
1014.233 -> In the final, France wins against Brazil 3-0, with two goals from Zinedine Zidane.
1020.634 -> In 2001, Zidane is bought by Real Madrid for the record sum of 75 million euros.
1027.768 -> The following year, in 2002, Japan and South Korea co-host the World Cup.
1033.984 -> To everyone's surprise, Turkey and South Korea reach the semi-finals.
1038.895 -> But above all, the final is greatly anticipated as it pits Brazil vs Germany,
1044.642 -> who still had not met during a World Cup, whereas since 1950 and excepting 1978,
1051.411 -> all the finals were played by one of the two teams.
1054.981 -> Brazil wins 2 to 0 thanks to a double by Ronaldo.
1059.291 -> It’s the 5th title for Brazil, which consolidates its status as “best team in the world”.
1065.642 -> In 2006, Germany hosts the World Cup.
1069.468 -> During the final between France and Italy,
1071.65 -> Zidane, who plays the last game of his career, is excluded after having given a headbutt to an opponent.
1079.24 -> Italy wins in a Penalty shoot-out.
1081.773 -> In 2010, South Africa is the first African country to host the World Cup.
1086.845 -> The event is followed by 3.2 billion viewers.
1091.117 -> The final is between the Netherlands and Spain, who have never won a World Cup.
1096.219 -> Spain wins its first title, while the Netherlands loses its 3rd final.
1105.26 -> At the end of 2010, FIFA awards the 2018 and 2022 World Cups to Russia and Qatar.
1111.74 -> These choices are controversial because there are serious suspicions of corruption,
1117.773 -> and the two countries are accused of not respecting human rights.
1122.055 -> Qatar is now investing heavily in football, notably by buying PSG for 70 million euros.
1128.83 -> The objective is to transform the club, which is in the middle of a crisis,
1133.366 -> into a major European club capable of winning a Champions League.
1138.282 -> In 2013, Brazil, which is preparing to host the next World Cup,
1142.826 -> is challenged by huge demonstrations protesting the excessive expenses made for the organization.
1150.006 -> The following year, during the World Cup, Germany and Brazil meet for the second time.
1154.873 -> This time, Germany wins big, 7 to 1,
1158.205 -> which is experienced as a humiliation by a large part of the Brazilian population.
1163.348 -> In the final, Germany beats Argentina and becomes the first European country to win in Latin America.
1170.905 -> In 2017, PSG makes the most expensive transfer in history by buying Neymar for 220 million euros.
1180.133 -> The following year, the club follows
up with the purchase of Kylian Mbappé for 180 million euros.
1187.429 -> The same year, the World Cup
is played in Russia.
1190.534 -> The event is followed by half of the world population.
1194.009 -> In the final, France wins its second title against Croatia.
1198.138 -> From this point on, all eyes turn to Qatar,
1201.152 -> which is preparing for the 2022 World Cup.
1204.49 -> The small country of 3 million inhabitants must be able to welcome more than a million supporters,
1210.285 -> and must therefore build a lot of infrastructure, including hotels, a metro, and stadiums.
1216.502 -> Two million migrant workers are
working on this project.
1220.262 -> But many NGOs denounce the Qatari system that allows employers to confiscate the passports of their workers
1227.125 -> to prevent them from leaving, even though they have no rights or even a minimum wage.
1232.415 -> Under pressure, Qatar is changing its laws to improve working conditions.
1236.726 -> But over a 10-year period, more than 6,500 workers have already died on World Cup construction sites.
1244.428 -> From an ecological point of view, the choice to air-condition the stadiums,
1248.51 -> which are under the open sky, is also highly criticized.
1252.869 -> After Qatar, the next World Cup to be played in 2026
1257.024 -> will be held in Canada, the United States, and Mexico,
1260.405 -> and should be the first to include 48 teams.
1264.201 -> Today, Football is the most popular sport in the world.
1267.675 -> It is played by approximately 275
million players, 13 million of whom are women,
1274.443 -> and generates approximately 400
billion euros in profits worldwide.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zlz4QgpOSw0